E-Book Reader with Enhanced Search Features

ABSTRACT

An e-book reader. The e-book reader can have a touch screen, the touch screen being an electronic paper display having a contrast ratio greater than 7:1. The e-book reader can weigh between 100 and 300 grams and have internal memory for storing a source file of an electronic work, the source file being stored in the memory in AZW format. The electronic work can be a work of fiction having a storyline and further include searchable information relevant to a person, a place, or a thing in the work of fiction and provide the information after a human reader touches the touch screen at a location displaying the person, the place, or the thing. The information can remind the human reader of the person&#39;s, the place&#39;s or the thing&#39;s relationship to the storyline.

PRIORITY APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. Ser. No. 12/983,182, entitledEnhanced E-Book and Enhanced E-Book Reader, filed May 15, 2010 filedDec. 31, 2010. This application claims benefit of U.S. ProvisionalApplication No. 61/362,640 entitled Enhanced E-Book and Enhanced E-BookReader, filed Jul. 8, 2010. This application also claims benefit of toU.S. 61/345,115, entitled Enhanced E-Book and Enhanced E-Book Reader,filed May 15, 2010.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates to electronic e-books, e-book readers, andenhancements thereto, including enhanced search features.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Electronic book readers, hereinafter called e-book readers, are utilizedto read electronic books, hereinafter e-books. E-books offer manybenefits and advantages over traditional ink and paper technology. Thereare environmental benefits as no trees need be cut down for paper. Thereare space benefits for the avid reader, as many books in the form ofe-books can be stored on, and retrieved from, a small device. Thesavings in space, as well as the advantage of lighter weight, allowgreater portability and accessibility to the written word, whether it isa book, newspaper, magazine, or other of traditional print media in theform of an electronic source file.

One of the drawbacks to reading books in an electronic medium, includingon computers, “pad” devices such as the iPad®, e-book readers such asthe Amazon Kindle®, or other electronic format, is the inability toeasily “flip back” to a previous page to re-read a portion, or to bereminded of the importance, relevance, or simply the facts of a certainscene, character, place or plot line. While e-book readers have a“previous page” function (or equivalent), or a “find” or “search”function (or equivalent), such functions are slow and awkward to use.

Sometimes a reader of a novel reads a portion involving a particularcharacter and can't remember who such character is, or the character'srelevance to the particular scene. Or a reader may read about a place ina novel, the place having been introduced earlier, and the reader can'tremember the place or the place's significance in the story. Or,sometimes the reader may read about a certain event, and need to bereminded of the event's significance in the novel's plotline. Or thereader may simply wish to know a word's definition (as used in context),or place's history (as it relates to the context of the work), or otherinformation related to the novel. Other reasons to “flip pages” in atraditional book, such as accessing a glossary, consulting an index,reviewing a list of photos, reading a bibliography, and checkingfootnotes, make reading e-books on e-book readers cumbersome.

A reader of non-fiction, such as a newspaper or magazine, likewise mightwish to know more about a particular word, phrase, place, or thing inthe piece being read.

Currently some online sources provide hyperlinks to definitions or otherinformation on a particular name or term. But such links do not relateback to information in the same online piece, that is they are notcontext-specific. So a provided definition may not offer the meaningintended in the particular context of the written piece, and is,therefore, unhelpful. Likewise a link on a person's or object's namemerely leads to generic online information.

There is an unmet need for a way to quickly and easily get information,including information on scenes, characters, places, plot lines, and thelike, as well as words, phrases, subjects, and other things one comesacross when reading a work electronically, such as in an e-book on ane-book reader.

In particular, there is an unmet need for a convenient device and methodfor rendering various activities associated with traditional paper andink print media, such as “flipping pages” to go forward or backward toquickly get information relevant to a particular place or page beingread in a work displayed on an electronic screen, particularly an e-bookreader, whether it be in the form of a dedicated e-book reader, a paddevice, a smartphone, or the like.

There is an unmet need to provide to readers in electronic media,including e-books, context-specific information to aid a human reader inunderstanding the piece being read on an e-book reader.

Another drawback to current e-book readers is the inability to easilysearch for terms in the e-book without necessarily engaging in thecumbersome process of typing in a term on a small keyboard and thenstepping through a tedious sequential process of searching.

There is an unmet need to provide to readers in electronic media,including e-books, improved searching capability for context-relevantinformation.

Learning a new language, or a second language different from one'sfirst, or native, language, has proved to be a challenge despite manysystems and methods for learning a new language.

There is a continuing unmet need to provide people a way to learn asecond, or new, language.

Another drawback to use of electronic devices, including mobile phones,pad-type computers, and e-book readers which use touchscreen technologyis the relative difficulty in ensuring that relatively small text orrelatively small icons can be selected effectively. On small screens thesize of one's finger or thumb can block out the portion of the screenfor which a selection is desired, thereby making accurate selection bypressing a specific portion of a touchscreen difficult.

There is a continuing unmet need for an easier to use touchscreen forelectronic devices.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

An e-book reader is disclosed. The e-book reader can have a touchscreen, the touch screen being an electronic paper display having acontrast ratio greater than 7:1. The e-book reader can weigh between 100and 300 grams and have internal memory for storing a source file of anelectronic work, the source file being stored in the memory in AZWformat. The electronic work can be a work of fiction having a storylineand further include searchable information relevant to a person, aplace, or a thing in the work of fiction and provide the informationafter a human reader touches the touch screen at a location displayingthe person, the place, or the thing. The information can remind thehuman reader of the person's, the place's or the thing's relationship tothe storyline.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a plan view of one embodiment of an enhanced e-book reader ofthe present invention.

FIG. 2 is a plan view of one embodiment of an enhanced e-book reader ofthe present invention.

FIG. 3 is a plan view of one embodiment of an enhanced e-book reader ofthe present invention.

FIG. 4 is a plan view of one embodiment of an enhanced e-book reader ofthe present invention.

FIG. 5 is a plan view of one embodiment of an enhanced e-book reader ofthe present invention.

FIG. 6 is a plan view of one embodiment of an enhanced e-book reader ofthe present invention.

FIG. 7 is a depiction of an embodiment of a look-up table or databasefor use in an enhanced e-book of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a depiction of an embodiment of a look-up table or databasefor use in an enhanced e-book of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a plan view of one embodiment of an enhanced e-book reader ofthe present invention.

FIG. 10 is a plan view of one embodiment of an enhanced e-book reader ofthe present invention.

FIG. 11 is a plan view of one embodiment of an enhanced e-book reader ofthe present invention.

FIG. 12 is a plan view of one embodiment of an enhanced e-book reader ofthe present invention.

FIG. 13 is a plan view of one embodiment of an enhanced e-book reader ofthe present invention.

FIG. 14 is a plan view of one embodiment of an enhanced e-book reader ofthe present invention.

FIG. 15 is a plan view of one embodiment of an enhanced e-book reader ofthe present invention.

FIG. 16 is a plan view of one embodiment of an enhanced e-book reader ofthe present invention.

FIG. 17 is a plan view of one embodiment of an enhanced e-book reader ofthe present invention.

FIG. 18 is a plan view of one embodiment of an enhanced e-book reader ofthe present invention.

FIG. 19 is a plan view of one embodiment of an enhanced e-book reader ofthe present invention.

FIG. 20 is a plan view of one embodiment of an electronic device of thepresent invention.

FIG. 21 is a plan view of one embodiment of an enhanced e-book reader ofthe present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

As used herein, the term “reader” or “e-book reader” is used withreference to electronic devices used for presenting reading material toa human reader. Thus, a distinction is intended to be made throughoutbetween a “reader”, referring to a device, and a “human reader”,referring to the person reading from the electronic device.

The present invention can be practiced on any electronic device having ascreen from which a human reader can read words. The screen can alsodisplay icons, images, graphics, hyperlinks, and any other of commoncomputer- and internet-related objects. The device can be a desktopcomputer, a laptop computer, a note-book computer, a “tablet” computer,a “pad” device, a Smartphone device, or a dedicated e-book reader. By“e-book reader” is meant an electronic device the primary purpose ofwhich is to electronically display for reading by a human reader books,newspapers, magazines, or other electronic representations oftraditional print media. An example of an e-book reader is the AmazonKindle® brand of devices. The enhanced e-book reader of the presentinvention is an improvement over known e-book readers which otherwisecan utilize all structures, features, and configurations (both physicaland electronic) of current, known e-book readers.

Current e-books (and traditional books converted to e-books) can bemodified to be an enhanced e-book of the present invention by makingmodifications to the source file of the electronic work as disclosedherein and/or by the incorporation in the device memory additional filesaccessible by the device's executable instructions. Source files of anyknown format can be modified to include the features of enhancede-books, including the inclusion of a, or linking to a remote, look-uptable or database, as disclosed herein below. Current e-book readers canbe modified to be an enhanced e-book reader of the present invention bymaking modifications to software, executable instructions, memory, andother “soft” features of e-book reader technology to implement theinventive features disclosed herein.

The invention is disclosed herein in its best mode as being implementedon an e-book reader. Current e-book readers that can be enhanced byimplementation of the present invention include, without limitation,Amazon Kindle®, Amazon Kindle 2, Amazon Kindle DX, Sony PRS-300, SonyPRS-505, Sony PRS-600, Sony PRS-700, Sony Portable Reader Touch Edition,Sony Daily Reader, Sony Portable Edition Pocket Edition, Cybook Opus,iRex Iliad 2, iRex Dgtl Reader, HanLin e-book V3, HanLin e-book V5,HanLin e-book V3+, HanLin e-book A6, HanLin e-book Be-book mini, HanLine-book EZ Reader, HanLin e-book Pocket PRO, eGriver eReader IDEO,eGriver eReader Touch, Bookeen Cybook Gen3, Bookeen Cybook Opus, COOL-ERClassic, Kobo eReader, Pocketbook 301 Plus, Pocketbook 302, Pocketbook360, ViewSonic VEB620, ViewSonic VEB625, Viewsonic 612, NUUTbook NUUT2,iriver Story, Onyx Boox 60, Onyx Be-book Neo, Barnes and Noble Nook,Spring Design Alex, Hanvon WISEreader N526, Hanvon N518, Hanvon N520,Elonex, 511EB, Hanvon HandyBOOK N516, Azbooka 516, Foxit eSlick, AstakEZPro, Astak Mentor, and new editions and upgrades thereof.

An enhanced e-book reader can have dimensions ranging from about 140-225mm long, 100-140 mm wide, and about 8-16 mm thick. An e-book reader canweigh between about 100-300 g. An enhanced e-book reader can run on aLinux operating system, can have a Samsung S3C2440 CPU, can have 32-64MG RAM or more, and 1-4 GB internal memory or more, and can utilize aLithium-ion battery having from about 900-2000 mAh. All such dimensionsand parameters are subject to future improvements, of course, and allfuture improvements can be beneficial to the operation of e-book readersin general, and to the enhanced e-book reader of the present inventionspecifically.

An enhanced e-book reader can have a touchscreen. A touchscreen canserve as an input device in addition to, or instead of, a keyboard ordirectional pad. Examples of e-book readers with touchscreens arebelieved to include one or more of Hanvon WISEreader N518, eGrivereReader Touch, HanLin e-book A6, Sony Portable Reader Touch Edition,Pocketbook 302, Onyx Boox 60, Barnes and Noble Nook, and Spring DesignAlex. Touchscreen capability can be by touch of a human digit, such as afinger, or by stylus. A touchscreen permits various functions of theenhanced e-book reader to be performed by direct touching of the screen.Examples of e-book readers utilizing a keyboard and a directional padinclude the Amazon Kindle 2, and the Amazon Kindle DX. Examples ofe-book readers utilizing a directional pad include the Sony PRS-300, andCybook Opus.

An enhanced e-book reader can incorporate E Ink Vizplex technology for ablack and white ink-on-paper look from E Ink Corporation, Cambridge,Mass., USA. Commonly referred to as Electronic Paper Displays, suchdisplays can have a white state reflectivity of about 40%, a contrastratio of about 7.1 or better, a viewing angle of about 180 degrees, agrayscale capability of 4-bit, and a typical image update time of about260 ms. Display thickness can be about 1.2 mm, and can have pixel countsup to 1024×768 for an 8-inch display and 1200×825 for a 9.7-inchdisplay. Other screen technologies include SiPix display modules,including SiPix Microcup®, from SiPix Imaging, Inc., Fremont, Calif.,USA. All such parameters are subject to future improvements, of course,and all future improvements can be beneficial to the operation of e-bookreaders in general, and to the enhanced e-book reader of the presentinvention specifically.

Touchscreen technology as known in the art can be used in the enhancede-book reader of the present invention. For example, the touchscreentechnology utilized in the Sony Portable Reader Touch Edition can beutilized. Sony's Portable Reader Touch Edition, permits a reader tohighlight, underline, and take notes utilizing the touchscreen, as wellas search terms and use the built-in dictionary. In general, touchscreentechnology of an enhanced e-book reader can utilize 4- or 5-wireresistive technology, capacitive technology, PenTouch capacitivetechnology, surface acoustic wave technology, near field imagingtechnology, or infrared technology, all the above available from MassMultimedia, Inc., Colorado Springs, Colo., USA (www.touchscreens.com).

Touchscreen technology suitable for the present invention alsoencompasses screens such as TrueTouch® screen controllers made byCypress, San Jose, Calif., USA. Cypress TrueTouch® Touchscreentechnology using projected capacitance for improved optical clarity,damage resistance, and cost-effective multi-touch, compared to othertouchscreen methods. Some touchscreen technology can detect hoveringmovements, not just direct contact, so that a user need only bring afinger tip close to the surface of the screen to start an action. Also,some touchscreens, such as the Generation 3 TrueTouch® Solution byCypress, can detect and act upon multiple simultaneous touches,including tracking movement of individual fingers. The enhanced e-bookof the present invention can utilize all known touchscreen technologies,as well as all future-developed compatible technologies.

Any known method, and any future-developed methods, of selecting a term,word, phrase, or section of a screen on an electronic device, such as ane-book reader, can be used in the enhanced e-book of the presentinvention. For example, selecting by touch on a touchscreen, or styluson a touchscreen, by curser movement, keyboard entry, directional padoperation, or by mouse input can be used. In general, once a word,phrase, or section is selected, an action takes place passively, or byfurther human interaction. By “passively” is meant that no other humaninteraction need happen beyond the selection event to trigger furtherenhanced e-book reader function. That is, the benefits of presentinvention can be achieved with “1-click” or “one touch” or the like, inwhich a single action of the human reader triggers the enhanced e-bookfunction. For example, if the definition of a word is desired, a humanfinger can touch a touchscreen at the location of the word, and thedefinition can (without further human interaction) appear on the screen.In another embodiment, a human reader can touch a word on a touchscreento cause a second prompt, such as a second screen menu, to appear, andfrom which the human reader can then select an action, such as“dictionary” or “thesaurus” or “rhymes” or “translate” or the like. Inanother embodiment the electronic device, such as an enhanced e-bookreader can operate on a default setting of “dictionary” or “thesaurus”or “rhymes” or “translate”, and unless the human reader chooses anothersetting the one-touch single action feature operates on the defaultsetting. Other methods of functional selecting are disclosed furtherbelow.

E-books can be in many formats, and e-book readers are configured todisplay one or more of the formats. For example, the Amazon Kindle® isbelieved to work for the following source file formats: natively: AZW,TXT, Audible, MP3, unprotected MOBI, PRC; through conversion: PDF, HTML,DOC, JPEG, GIF, PNG, BMP. Likewise, the Barnes and Noble Nook® isbelieved to be formatted for the following: PDF, EPUB, eReader, PDB,JPG, GIF, PNG, BMP, MP3. The Sony PRS-700 is believed to be formattedfor the following source files: BBeB (LRF/LRX), PDF, EPUB, TXT, RTF,JPG, BMP, GIF, PNG, MP3, AAC. An enhanced e-book of the presentinvention can have a source file in any of the existing formats, and theenhanced e-book reader of the present invention can employ executableinstructions in memory to display existing source file formats, as wellas any compatible future-developed formats.

Current e-books are essentially converted print books. That is, currente-books are electronically-formatted versions of their respective printcounterparts. Some e-book readers provide a dictionary function, inwhich a human reader can select a word and a dictionary definitionappears on screen. Some e-book readers also have a footnote function, inwhich a human reader selects a footnote indicator, and a footnoteappears on screen. The Amazon Kindle® provides both of these functions.Otherwise, current e-books offer the human reader no additionalinformation over what is found in the corresponding print edition.

Enhanced e-books take advantage of the power of computing and electronicink technology to provide a human reader with new levels of readingenjoyment and comprehension by providing ancillary, context-specificinformation related to the piece being read on an enhanced e-book readerof the present invention. For example, a human reader of a news articleon the country of Panama can touch the word Panama, and context-specificinformation on the country of Panama can appear on screen. In anotherembodiment, a reader of a novel involving many characters can, at anypoint in the novel, touch a character's name, and an on-screen displaycan give identifying information to remind the reader of the character'srelationship to other characters and events in the novel. In anotherembodiment, a reader of non-fiction can touch a word or phrase on screenand get an on-screen contextually-relevant message relating to thesubject matter of the non-fiction reading. In another embodiment, ahuman reader desiring to learn a second language can read an enhancede-book on an enhanced e-book reader in the second language, and uponselecting a term, sentence, phrase, or the like, can be presented with atranslation into the human reader's first, or native, language.

One difference between current e-book and e-book reader technology andthe enhanced e-book and e-book reader of the present invention lies inthe type of information available to the human reader, as well as themanner in which it is accessed, when using the enhanced e-book reader toread an enhanced e-book. In current e-book technology, any additionalinformation available to a human reader is general or generic, e.g.,standard dictionary definitions, standard encyclopedic entries, andother information from a counterpart print edition, such as footnotes,bibliography, glossary, index, and the like, and often must be accessedby cumbersome typing on a small keyboard, navigation via a smallpointing device, or the like. Such information may or may not be helpfulto a human reader, as the context of the piece being read may beenhanced by a context-specific understanding not reflected in general orgeneric reference information.

Thus, the enhanced e-book of the present invention can include in itselectronic format source file (or a file accessible from the source fileor another file accessible by the device's executable instructions)retrievable context-specific information, retrievable merely byselecting terms, words, or phrases (i.e., without necessarily needing totype in text or select any additional instructions), and whichcontext-specific information is information relevant to contextualunderstanding the piece being read. Likewise, enhanced e-book readers ofthe present invention include the software, hardware, executableinstructions, memory, and other implementation technology as modified bymeans known in the art to provide a human reader the option to accesselectronically accessible context-specific information when reading froman enhanced e-book reader of the present invention.

Thus, by “context-specific information” is meant information generatedor tailored to inform a human reader with respect to a term, word, orphrase within a specific context in the reading material. Human-readerselectable information on characters in a novel, information on placesin a novel, tailored information on people or places in non-fictionworks, and tailored definitions or standard translations can each benon-limiting examples of context-specific information. By “tailored” ismeant altered from standard or general content (such as a full, plug-instandard dictionary) to a form having intended relevance to the piecebeing read by a human reader. Thus, standard dictionary entriesproviding multiple word meanings are not context-specific information,but a definition of a term can be context-specific information if thedefinition provided to the human reader upon selecting the term istailored from a comprehensive standard dictionary entry to reflect adefinition relevant to the use or sense of the term in context of thereading material, or is a translation of the selected term. Informationdisplayed on-screen upon a human reader's selecting a name of afictional person or place in a novel, for example, can becontext-specific information and can be selectable by a human readerusing an enhanced e-book reader of the present invention displaying anenhanced e-book of the present invention.

By way of non-limiting example of one aspect of the present invention,an enhanced e-book reader of the present invention displaying to a humanreader an enhanced e-book fictional novel is described. A novel ofteninvolves many characters, scenes, places, and plot lines. A human readerreading such a novel may forget, for example, who certain characters areor the significance of certain places. Especially in a long novel, theremay be many pages between mentions of certain people or places. In apaper-based book, the reader can “flip” back to find a mention of acharacter, for example, but in an e-book “flipping” is cumbersome. Using“back” buttons, or a search feature and a mini-keyboard make theequivalent of “flipping pages” burdensome. In the enhanced e-book of thepresent invention, however, the problem is solved by providingcontext-specific information about people and places simply by selectingthe names on screen. For example, if the character John is married toLisa, and was responsible for the death of son Tom during thedepression, upon coming across the name John (the first time, or in oneembodiment, at least for the second or subsequent time) in the enhancede-book a human reader can select the word “John” by touch, hover, orcursor, and on-screen context-specific information about John canappear. For example, a “bubble” like a dialog bubble can appear onscreen displaying, “John, husband to Lisa and Tom's father. Recall thatJohn is responsible for Tom's death when they lived in Kansas during thedepression.”

Context-specific information can be added by the author of the piece,for example, by a novel's author. Context-specific information can alsobe reader-generated. Context-specific information can be stored in ane-book's source file, or it can be stored electronically in a remote(either in the enhanced e-book reader's memory, or accessible online viathe internet) look-up file, such as an enhanced e-book-retrievabledatabase having fields corresponding to terms and context-specificinformation. An enhanced e-book of the present invention can includeelectronically stored information in any readable format, and can storecontext-specific information in any retrievable manner in any readableformat. An enhanced e-book reader of the present invention can displaymachine-readable electronic files of an enhanced e-book in the samemanner as do current e-book readers for current e-books.

In one sense context-specific information, whether in a work of fictionor nonfiction, can be considered to be information relevant to a person,place, or thing, which information, while not necessary to make explicitin the work, nevertheless enhances a human reader's enjoyment of thework, either by offering a reminder to a human reader of information thereader “knows” from earlier reading in the work but forgot, or providinginformation that the human reader may not know, which, if known, wouldenhance the human reader's understanding of a work's full intent andmeaning. Thus, context-specific information is tailored to a work, andis not mere definitional, encyclopedic, or generic.

In addition to providing reminders to human readers of characters andtheir relationship to the storyline, places can also have such helpfulguidance. For example, in a piece in which a place is mentioned morethan once, upon reading the place name the first time, or, in anembodiment, at least at the second or subsequent mention, the humanreader can select the name on screen and a helpful prompt can appearwith context-specific information about the place in relation to thepiece. For example, in a novel a reader can come across the place name“Great Falls” (which may or may not be a real-life place). Uponselecting the word on screen, further on-screen context-specificinformation can appear informing the reader, “Recall that this is whereLisa is from, and her father still lives there. John vowed never to goback.” In this manner the human reader is reminded of the relationshipand significance of a place to a story's plotline.

Of course, an enhanced e-book can be fiction, non-fiction, reference,factual, and can be an electronic e-book source-file version of atraditional book, magazine, newspaper, blog, or other form.Context-specific information can relate to fictional people and placesas well as actual people and places. A journalist writing in an onlinenewspaper, or an online blog might, for example, wish to augment a storywith context-specific information generated specifically for the contextof the online story (as opposed to “canned” or generic links to peopleand place names, as is currently utilized in online journalism). Thus, apolitical writer may, in a story about US Presidents and their flawsmention President Clinton with selectable context-specific informationdisplayable upon selection stating, “Recall President Clinton wasimpeached for his hands-on approach to Oval Office affairs.”

Enhanced e-books of the present invention offer a distinct advantageover both current e-books and traditional ink-and-paper books byoffering to a human reader enhanced information content at the point ofinterest, while reading. This distinct difference over the currente-book technology can help drive increased sales of e-books (in the formof enhanced e-books), as well as e-book readers (in the form of enhancede-book readers). Thus, the economic benefit to authors and enhancede-book sellers can be significant, possibly reviving an interest inreading altogether.

Therefore, an enhanced e-book in an embodiment of the present inventiondiffers from current e-books in that an enhanced e-book contains as partof its electronic source file (regardless of format) or as part of aseparate electronic file retrievable by an enhanced e-book reader'sexecutable instructions, context-specific information. Again, bycontext-specific information is meant information, such as definitionsof terms, descriptions of places, and other information that is tailoredin some respect to the enhanced e-book's context. Thus, if there aremultiple definitions of a term, by selecting the term on screen, thehuman reader can be presented with the definition of the term as it isused in context. Likewise, if there are multiple descriptions of a placein a book, upon selecting a place name on screen, the reader can beprovided with information about the place relevant to the context of thebook. Thus, information on a character in a novel, such as Ahab in MobyDick, can be embedded in a file associated with an enhanced e-book MobyDick, such that upon selecting “Ahab” on screen, context-specificinformation appears about Ahab.

The context-specific information for a term, word, or phrase can bevaried throughout the enhanced e-book. Using the example of Ahab in MobyDick, as the human reader progresses through the enhanced e-book, thecontext-specific information that appears for Ahab can change with thechanging story line, i.e., the changing context. Thus a reader can getcontext-specific information for a character, place, setting, scene, orstory line that changes as the story line progresses, and which can bedifferent the first, second, or subsequent times a particular termappears.

Context-specific information can be limited as desired for variousembodiments of enhanced e-books and enhanced e-book readers.“Non-dictionary context-specific information” is context-specificinformation that does not include word definitions from pre-specified ordefault reference works in the language of the work (i.e., same-languagedefinitions as opposed to translations into a second language). In anembodiment of an enhanced e-book context-specific information can beprovided separate from a pre-specified or default dictionary (or anykind of dictionary), i.e., either in the absence of a dictionary or inaddition to a dictionary. “Non-glossary context-specific information” iscontext-specific information that does not include pre-specified ordefault glossary entries. In an embodiment of an enhanced e-bookcontext-specific information is provided separate from a glossary, i.e.,either in the absence of a glossary or in addition to a glossary.“Variable context-specific information” is context-specific informationthat for at least one term, word, or phrase is varied in at least twoseparate entries for that same word, term, or phrase. Thus, if “John” islinked in one part of a novel to one entry stating “husband of Lisa” andin another part of the same novel as “brother of Bob”, thecontext-specific information is variable context-specific information.

In an embodiment a human reader touches the screen of an enhanced e-bookreader and context-specific information appears on screen. That is,context-specific information is triggered by a single action of theuser, which can be described as “one-click” or “one-touch”. Thecontext-specific information can appear at the bottom of the screen andstay until the human reader “turns” the page. Or the context-specificinformation can appear and stay as long as the human reader is touchingthe touchscreen (or otherwise makes a selection). Or thecontext-specific information can appear and stay for a predeterminedtime period and then disappear. In another embodiment, rather thanappear at the bottom of the screen, the context-specific information canappear in a “pop-up” window, or widget, or “speech bubble”-type windowon screen. In one embodiment the context-specific information can beaudibly presented to a human reader. Audible context-specificinformation can be in the form of voice-recorded audio files, orcomputer-generated voice output of text files.

In one embodiment, the context-specific information can have additionalselections or links, each link being a hyperlink to other informationaccessible by touching the screen at the link (or selecting, orclicking, or the like, as known in the art for activating a hyperlink).For example, for a place name, a window of context-specific informationcan appear, and in that window (or elsewhere on the display screen)there can be additional links to information such as maps of the place,a history of the place, tourist attractions, and the like. Likewise, fora word, in addition to the context-specific definition the reader can bepresented with additional selections for other information like a fulldefinition, synonyms, thesaurus, other definitions, and the like.

Context-specific information for an enhanced e-book can be saved as partof the enhanced e-book electronic source file for utilization by systemmemory of an enhanced e-book reader, and associated through a data tablewith the respective terms, words, phrases, or sections of the enhancede-book. For example, the name “John” in a novel can be associated withinformation in a database field designated “John”, with executableinstructions to extract the database information and display it onscreen upon selecting “John” on screen. Likewise, the database can havea field for “Page Number” (or location, or field, and the like) suchthat context-specific information for “John” is selected from thedatabase based upon with page (or location, or field, and the like) theterm “John” is selected. Other methods of electronic information storageand retrievable, as well as other methods of executable instructions inmemory and software can be utilized, all is known in the art.

In an embodiment, therefore, an enhanced e-book can be prepared in aformat suitable for an e-book reader such as the Sony PRS-700, equippedwith a touchscreen and/or a stylus. Suitable formats include BBeB(LRF/LRX) and TXT, for example. To make the e-book an enhanced e-book,at least one term in the e-book is linked to context-specificinformation in an electronically accessible file in which suchinformation is stored. The electronically accessible file can be aseparate file stored in the system memory of the enhanced e-book reader,or it can be stored on a remote server and accessible via cable orwireless link, such as by internet access. Upon selecting this term,executable instructions stored in the e-book's system memory cause thestored information to be displayed on-screen by known methods ofsearching and retrieving. The style, placement and time-duration of thecontext-specific information can be adjusted as desired by methods knownin the art.

Therefore, in an embodiment, the present invention can be described asan enhanced e-book, wherein the enhancement is in the inclusion in thee-book's source file or other accessible file of context-specificinformation. In an embodiment the invention can be described as anenhanced e-book, the enhanced e-book comprising a base work in anelectronic source file readable by an enhanced e-book reader (such as,for example, BBeB (LRF/LRX), PDF, EPUB, TXT, RTF, JPG, BMP, GIF, PNG,MP3, AAC), which enhanced e-book can be a work of fiction, such as anovel, a work of non-fiction, such as a reference work, a work ofjournalism, such as an online newspaper, a blog entry, and the like,wherein the base work comprises at least one selectable term, which uponselection by a human reader there appears displayed on screen (oraudibly) context-specific information relating to the selected term.Therefore, by “base work” is meant the underlying author-created work towhich the enhanced features of the present invention can be beneficiallycombined.

In an embodiment, the context-specific information is non-dictionarycontext-specific information, that is, the context-specific informationdoes not include generic dictionary definitions from pre-specified ordefault reference titles (as used in current e-book readers), but, fordefinitions can include tailored context-specific definitions, suchdefinitions tailored to the use of the selected term in context, ortranslations into a language different from the base work. In anembodiment, the information provided upon selection of a term on screenis non-glossary context-specific information, that is, information thateither varies with context throughout the base work for a given term,word, or phrase, or otherwise does not derive solely from apre-specified or default glossary of terms.

In an embodiment the present invention can be described as an enhancede-book reader for displaying enhanced e-books, the enhanced e-bookreader having system memory and executable instructions for retrievingand displaying context-specific information from an enhanced e-book'ssource file (or a suitably accessible file) upon selection by a humanreader of a term having such context-specific information associatedtherewith. The association can be by links to a portion of an enhancede-book's source file, a companion file accessible by the source file, alook-up file, database fields, or the like, for example. In oneembodiment, words, terms, or phrases having linked theretocontext-specific information can be denoted as such by any suitableindicator, such as superscripted characters, underlining, highlighting,color variation, shading, or the like. In an embodiment terms, words, orphrases having associated therewith context-specific information can bedenoted with a superscript “e”.

Embodiments of the invention are described with respect to certainnon-limiting and exemplary features below. In the embodiment illustratedthe base work is a fictional novel, but it is understood that the basework could be non-fiction, reference, journalistic, a blog entry, andthe like.

FIG. 1 shows an electronic device, which as exemplified herein is shownas enhanced e-book reader 10 and having certain features common tocurrent e-book readers. E-book reader can be a dedicated e-book readersuch as an Amazon Kindle®, or it can be an electronic device such as anApple iPad useful for other features, but on which can be displayede-books for reading by human readers.

While not shown in FIG. 1, it is understood that enhanced e-book reader10 can have any and all of currently known technology, functions, andfeatures of e-books, but for simplicity only certain features areillustrated. Enhanced e-book reader 10 can have a keyboard 12 for dataentry, buttons 14 for functions such as page forward and back, and ascreen 16 for displaying text, images, video, and the like, which screencan be a touchscreen. As shown in FIG. 1, the human reader can read onthe screen 16 words of a base work, which is in this example a fictionalnovel.

FIG. 2 shows enhanced e-book reader 10 as it can look once a humanreader selects a term from an enhanced e-book, shown as shaded term 18,to have displayed context-specific information. Selected term 18 can beselected a single-action touch or tap, or a double tap, ontouchscreen-enabled e-book readers, or by cursor movement, directionalpad selection, keyboard, or other means. Selected term 18 can bemodified after selection to look different, such as by highlighting,underline, or other means known in the art to indicate a term has beenselected. As used herein, selected term 18 is referred to as“highlighted” to indicate a change in background shading in the vicinityof the term, as is commonly known in the art of text on computerizeddevices. But any kind of differentiating color, underline, font, boldtext, or other indication can be used.

In an embodiment, once selected, executable instructions in the memoryof the enhanced e-book reader can instruct retrieval from a file ofcontext-specific information the context-specific information for theselected term. In one embodiment, each selectable term has associatedtherewith a code, which can be a unique code, which code can be used tofind in a look-up file or a database the desired context-specificinformation, which information is then caused by the enhanced e-bookreader's executable instructions to be displayed on the screen of theenhanced e-book reader 10. In an embodiment, rather than being in aseparate look-up or database file (or other separate file),context-specific information can be stored in the electronic file of thebase work as “hidden” text, made visible upon selection, oralternatively, stored in the base electronic file as a footnote, thefootnote made visible upon selection. In an embodiment selection ofselected term 18 links via cable or wirelessly to internet-accessiblesources for context-specific information. In an embodimentinternet-accessible context-specific information can be reader-generatedcontent.

In the example shown in FIG. 2, a window 20 opens showingcontext-specific information reminding the reader that it was CaptainFitch who started the fire that killed Lisa's father. If a long periodof time, or many pages, had elapsed since the reader had read of CaptainFitch, such a reminder by way of context-specific information wouldenhance the reader's comprehension and enjoyment of the enhanced e-book.Thus, the context-specific information allows the reader to avoid havingto “backspace” or “search” previous pages to refresh his or her memoryon this topic. Window 20 can stay open and visible for a set period oftime, or it can be open while term 18 is being selected, such as bybeing touched by a human reader. Likewise, window 20 can be formatted asdesired, and shown in any portion of screen 16. Also, the contextspecific information shown in window 20 can be rendered audible to thehuman reader, either with or instead of the visible text shown in window20.

In an embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3, the context-specific informationcan be augmented with additional information. As shown, window 20 notonly can display context-specific information, but can provide furthersecond-level options, in this case two, for the human reader. The humanreader can select, such as by touching, stylus, cursor, and the like,the second-level “MORE” button 24 for a additional context-specificinformation, and/or the second-level “FULL” button 22 to get all thecontext-specific information relating to the selected term. The “MORE”feature, for example, might provide the human reader with additionalcontext around Lisa's father, the impact of the fire, and why thisinformation is important to this point in the storyline. The “FULL”feature, for example, could give full biographic information on CaptainFitch, Lisa, and her father, as well as historic information on how thecharacters relate. Of course, in like manner the enhanced e-book canhave third- and fourth-level options, and so forth.

As shown in FIG. 4, context-specific information can be displayed forplaces in a novel as well. In the example of FIG. 4, a human reader hasselected by touchscreen, cursor, or other means, the term 18 “village”.Window 20 appears displaying therein context-specific information aboutthe village. As with the example shown in FIG. 3, window 20 in FIG. 4could also be formatted to offer other selections, such as “MORE” or“FULL”.

A shown in FIG. 5, context-specific information can be displayed forthings in a novel as well. In the example of FIG. 5, a human reader hasselected by touchscreen, cursor, or other means, the term 18 “swale”.Window 20 appears displaying therein context-specific information aboutthe swale, as it relates to the story line. As with the example shown inFIG. 3, window 20 in FIG. 4 could also be formatted to offer othersecond- or third-level options with selections such as “MORE” or “FULL”.Likewise, for certain terms, as shown in FIG. 6, a human reader can bepresented with second-level option for a definition. The definitionsupplied can itself be context-specific, or it can be a standarddictionary definition. Other second- and third-level options can beprovided, such as for synonyms, antonyms, and the like.

FIG. 7 shows one embodiment of a look-up table or database which in atext file or other suitably accessible source file can serve as theelectronic repository for context-specific information, and which can belinked electronically to an e-book to make an enhanced e-book of thepresent invention. Linking can be by being a unitary part of theenhanced e-book's source file, or by a remote file residing on theenhanced e-book reader's system memory, or by link to a remote serverfile via wireless internet connection. Terms for which context-specificinformation is available can be identified by a code. In an embodiment,as shown in FIG. 7, the code can be a unique code and can be, forexample, composed of a Reference number for a term, and a page/locationon which an instance of the term appears. Thus, if the term “John” has aReference number of “0001” and appears on page/location 10 of the basework, the code for accessing context-specific information can be“000110”. The term “page/location” is used to denote any method foridentifying where in a base work a given term appears. Recognizing that“page numbers” can be ambiguous in an e-book, a “location” as used incurrent Amazon Kindle® e-books, for example, or “field” or other locatorcan be used.

The table illustrated in FIG. 7 shows an example of “variablecontext-specific information”. As shown, a given term such as “John” hasvariable information depending on what location a particular selectedterm appears. FIG. 8 illustrates an example of a look-up table ordatabase of context-specific information that can be used, for example,for “MORE” or “FULL” second-level options for other selectable terms.

In an embodiment the present invention includes a method of making anenhanced e-book, the method comprising the steps of making a source filefor an e-book either via e-book writing software such as E-bookGenerator, Activ E-book Compiler, e-book Maestro, Adobe Acrobat, DesktopAuthor, E-book Pro, or other e-book writer/compiler, or by converting atext version of an existing book into an e-book via such software. Onceconverted, the method comprises denoting at least one term, word, orphrase as selectable for context-specific information and linking thisterm, word, or phrase to a source of context-specific information. Thesource for context-specific information can be embedded in the enhancede-book's source file in a retrievable location and denoted by a suitablelocator such as by a code, or it can be placed in a remote accessiblelook-up table or database retrievable by suitable executableinstructions of the enhanced e-book reader's system memory operatingfrom the enhanced e-book's source file.

In another aspect of the present invention, in addition to, or insteadof, any combination of the above features, an enhanced e-book of thepresent invention can have an improved search feature that allows areader of the enhanced e-book to find context-relevant information fromwithin the base work. Context-relevant information is distinguished fromcontext-specific information in that whereas context-specificinformation is supplemental information created to supplement a basework, and added to a base work to provide memory-refreshing information,context-relevant information is information contained in the base worksource file itself as an integral part of the work itself, and notinformation added to explain, remind, or otherwise supplement a basework. Context-relevant information, therefore, is information created asa part of the base work, such as the text of an e-book source filecreated by the author of the work, and the whole of which can constitutethe work itself. Examples of various exemplary features, structures, andbenefits of an improved search feature for enhanced e-books aredisclosed below. For the purposes of the present invention, the improvedsearch features, structures, and benefits are referred to herein as“enhanced searching”.

Enhanced searching provides several benefits over known searchingfeatures in current e-book readers. First, in an embodiment,context-relevant information can be searched without the reader needingto type any text into a search field. Second, in an embodiment, acontext-relevant search can be easily augmented with Boolean operatorsto target specific information, such as information a reader vaguelyremembers, but wishes to be reminded of more fully. Third, in anembodiment, enhanced searching permits a reader of an enhanced e-book tofollow terms back in a “tree diagram” fashion, and at each stage havethe option of being easily brought back to the “last page read”, i.e.,the place in the enhanced e-book where the reader left off to search aterm. These and many other advantages can be enjoyed by a reader readingan enhanced e-book having enhanced search features of the presentinvention.

In an embodiment, as shown in FIG. 9, a human reader wishing to refreshher memory about a particular term in a first portion of an e-book canselect the term 18, such as the term “Captain Fitch's” as shown in FIG.9. As discussed above, once selected, selected term 18 can be shown byhighlighting, underlining, or by other differentiating means. Onceselected, the human reader can be presented with a display screen 16showing additional selectable buttons, icons, images, or the like. Forexample, back and forward search buttons 32 can initiate a search for asecond portion of the e-book in which occur the previous or nextinstance, respectively, of the selected term 18, or, if the executablefile is so configured, variations on the selected term 18. For example,using the term 18 illustrated in FIG. 9, enhanced searching can find theprevious or next instance of the terms “Captain Fitch” or “Fitch”. Whilearrows 32 are illustrated for this feature, any button, icon, image, orother selectable feature can be utilized. For ease of disclosure, theterm “icon” substitutes for all of the various known means forpresenting a selectable feature on electronic displays. Therefore, an“icon” as used herein can be any of known “buttons” “radio buttons” GUIimages, hyperlinks, links, touch points, and the like known in the artfor initiating by a user of an electronic document a function.

One advantage of the enhanced searching of an enhanced e-book of thepresent invention over known “search” or “find” functions is that thereader need not type anything into a search field. The reader merelytouches, taps, or presses (if the e-book reader has a touchscreen) orotherwise selects back arrow 32 and is then presented with the portionof the e-book base work wherein the most recent previous mention of“Captain Fitch” occurred (as shown in FIG. 10, discussed below).Pressing back search button 32 (shown in FIG. 9 as the left-facing arrow32) can be analogous to the laborious current method of typing in thename “Captain Fitch” into a search field and selecting an option of“searching up” or “previous” in the document. By merely pressing backarrow 32 (or forward arrow 32 as desired) the reader is spared the taskof tediously typing in information using the relatively small keyboard12 found on e-book readers.

If a reader wishes to see the very first or very last occurrence ofselected term 18 in a first portion of an electronic document, she canselect full back or full front arrow 34, respectively. In each case,upon selecting one of the full back or full front arrows 34, the readeris presented with a second portion of the e-book at which the first orlast, respectively, mention of the selected term 18 occurs. Any other ofknown shapes, images, or icons can be utilized with, or instead of,arrows 32 and 34. Likewise, other search or find functionality can beimplemented as is known in the art to further augment the enhancedsearching feature of the present invention.

In an embodiment, the second portion of the electronic document can beshown on the display screen with the first portion, such as in asplit-screen format. In this manner the human reader can see both thefirst and second portions on the same display screen.

In an embodiment, the invention can be described as an electronic devicewith an enhanced search capability, the electronic device havingexecutable instructions in device memory and a human-readable display,the device comprising in the memory an electronic source file of anelectronic document, the electronic document comprising at least onesearchable term and a search function icon displayable upon the displayscreen, the searchable term at least appearing in a first portion of theelectronic document, the searchable term being selectable by a humanreader without the human reader manually entering in, such as by typingtext into a search field, the searchable term and wherein upon selectionby the human reader of the searchable term and subsequently selectingthe search function icon, the executable instructions cause to bedisplayed on the display screen a second portion of the electronicdocument wherein the searchable term occurs. In an embodiment theelectronic document is an e-book and the electronic device is an e-bookreader. In an embodiment the electronic document is a text file. In anembodiment the device is a tablet computer, such as an iPad® by Apple.In an embodiment the device is a handheld device such as a smart phoneor an iPhone® or an iPod®.

In an embodiment, the invention can be described as an electronicdocument having an enhanced search feature, the electronic documentdisplayable on a display screen of an electronic device by executableinstructions in memory of the electronic device, the electronic documenthaving at least one term searchable within, and wherein upon selectionof the searchable term by a human reader, and without the human readermanually entering in, such as by typing text into a search field, thesearchable term, the executable instructions cause to be displayed onthe display screen another portion of the electronic document whereinthe searchable term appears. In an embodiment the electronic document isan e-book and the electronic device is an e-book reader. In anembodiment the electronic document is a text file. In an embodiment thedevice is a tablet computer, such as an iPad® by Apple. In an embodimentthe device is a handheld device such as a smart phone or an iPhone® oran iPod®.

In an embodiment, selected term 18 shown at a second portion of theelectronic document can be highlighted, underlined, or otherwiseindicated for easy identification by the human reader. In an embodimentin addition to highlighting (or otherwise indicating) selected term 18at a second portion of an electronic document, executable instructionsin memory of the electronic device can also cause “n” units to behighlighted as well, wherein “n”=a positive integer and units areselected from the group consisting of words, lines, and paragraphs. Byhighlighting additional words around the selected term 18, the readercan more quickly find the relevant context in which selected term 18occurs at the second portion of the electronic document.

In an embodiment, selection for searching can be achieved audibly. Areader, rather than press one of arrows 32 or 34, instead simply speaksthe term audibly, as well as any other designated terms, if any, andexecutable instructions in memory of the electronic device translate theaudible expression of the reader into text of a searchable term, andcause to be displayed on the display screen another portion of theelectronic document wherein the searchable term appears.

In an embodiment, as illustrated in FIG. 9, an enhanced search featurecan have different, or additional, components. For example, a reader maywish not only to find other instances of selected term 18, but a secondportion of the electronic document containing other terms the reader canrecall are associated with term 18. For example, a reader may recallthat at one time Captain Fitch was involved in a poker game in which helost his peg leg to a tattooed woman. The reader can, in addition toselecting the term “Captain Fitch”, enter, such as by typing text into asearch field 36, a secondary search term, such as, in this example,“poker” or “peg leg” or “tattoo”. The display can have a “search” or“find” or “execute” icon or the like to initiate the search, at whichtime executable instructions in memory of the electronic device can thencause to be displayed a second portion of the base work in which bothterms occur. In an embodiment, a search algorithm can dictate where isfound a second portion, such as where the first and second searchableterms appear within “n” word together (wherein “n”=a positive integer,and programmed into the executable instructions), thereby reminding thereader of the portion of the base work in which the terms appear incontext.

In an embodiment, the invention can be described as an electronic devicewith an enhanced search capability, the electronic device havingexecutable instructions in device memory and a human-readable display,the device comprising in the memory an electronic source file of anelectronic document, the electronic document comprising first and secondsearchable terms, the first searchable term at a first portion of theelectronic document being selectable by a human reader without the humanreader manually entering in the first searchable term, and the secondsearchable term being selectable by a human reader, wherein uponselection by the human reader of the first and second searchable terms,the executable instructions cause to be displayed on the display screena second portion of the electronic document wherein the first and secondterms occur. In an embodiment the electronic document is an e-book andthe electronic device is an e-book reader. In an embodiment theelectronic document is a text file. In an embodiment the device is atablet computer, such as an iPad® by Apple. In an embodiment the deviceis a handheld device such as a smart phone or an iPhone® or an iPod®.

In an embodiment, the invention can be described as an electronicdocument having an enhanced search feature, the electronic documentdisplayable on a display screen of an electronic device by executableinstructions in memory of the electronic device, the electronic documenthaving at least two terms searchable within, and wherein upon selectionof a first searchable term by a human reader, and without the humanreader manually entering in, such as by typing text into a search field,the first searchable term, and additionally the human reader manuallyentering in, or otherwise selecting, a second searchable term, theexecutable instructions cause to be displayed on the display screenanother portion of the electronic document wherein the first and secondsearchable terms occur. In an embodiment, a search algorithm dictatesthe first and second searchable terms appear within “n” units of eachother (wherein “n” =a positive integer and “units” is selected from thegroup consisting of words, sentences, lines, paragraphs, pages, orchapters). In an embodiment, the human reader can select the value of“n”, and/or the nature of “units”. In an embodiment the electronicdocument is an e-book and the electronic device is an e-book reader. Inan embodiment the electronic document is a text file. In an embodimentthe device is a tablet computer, such as an iPad® by Apple. In anembodiment the device is a handheld device such as a smart phone or aniPhone® or an iPod®.

In an embodiment, in addition to, or instead of, the search field 36illustrated in FIG. 9, executable instructions in memory of theelectronic device be programmed to cause to be displayed a menu ofsecondary search terms, such as a drop-down menu, in which one or moresecondary search terms associated with the selected term 18 can bepresented to the human reader for further selection. For example, if theselected term 18 is “Captain Fitch's” as shown in FIG. 9, an algorithmin the executable instructions of the electronic device can determine agroup of one or more secondary search terms that appear in context witha predetermined frequency in the work related to Captain Fitch. Forexample, the algorithm can be instructions to “find all terms appearingelsewhere in the electronic document (which “find” can be limited toeither forward or back, or both) in a paragraph with the term ‘CaptainFitch’, less terms from a list of common terms such as and, the, it,etc.

Algorithms to find sections of context relevant information in anelectronic work can be executed by executable instructions in the memoryof an electronic device, and can be tailored for a desired computationspeed and comprehensiveness, and can be based on the relevant contextbeing a sentence, a paragraph, a page, or a defined number of words. Forexample, in one embodiment an algorithm can be programmed intoelectronically executable instructions for execution by deviceexecutable instructions, and can have the following steps: (1) receivehuman-reader-selected search term (such as selected term 18 in FIG. 9);(2) search (either backward, forward, or both, as determined by a humanreader's choice) for all other instances of human-reader-selected searchterm; (3) determine all terms appearing within n-units ofhuman-reader-selected search term, and store such terms as “potentiallysecondary context relevant terms” (wherein “n”=a positive integer and“units” is selected from the group consisting of words, sentences,lines, paragraphs, pages, or chapters); (4) rank order the frequency ofall potentially secondary context relevant terms; (5) output for displayon a display screen a list of secondary search terms based upon one ofthe criteria selected from, “n” most frequent terms less a predeterminedset of terms such as the, it, an, a, and the like; “n” least frequentterms less a predetermined set of terms such as the, it, an, a, and thelike; “n” most frequent nouns; “n” most frequent verbs; “n” mostfrequent verbs and nouns, “n” most frequent nouns and/or verbsassociated with human-reader-selected term that do not appear with thesame frequency with other terms, and combinations thereof (wherein “n”=apositive integer); and (6) display to a human reader the secondarysearch terms for selection, if desired, by a human reader. The secondarysearch terms can be presented to the reader in a “drop down” style menu,and can include a “scrolling” function, as is common on menus in moderncomputer devices.

In an embodiment, enhanced searching can include a Boolean search field38 selectable for search terms which can be entered by a human reader.Boolean search field 38 can have associated therewith selectable Booleanoperators such as “and”, “or”, or “not”. Such searching is disclosed inmore detail in the disclosure associated with FIG. 12, but in generalBoolean search field 38 offers a human reader greater filtering searchcapability, especially when used in conjunction with search field 36.Boolean search field 38 can be set up in any suitable manner, and can beutilized in addition to, or instead of search field 36. For example,with respect to FIG. 9, if a human reader recalls Captain Fitch was inlots of bars, and lots of fights, but only one bar fight, the humanreader can enter “bar” into search field 36 and “fight” into

Boolean search field 38, and select the “and” Boolean operator. Uponimplementing such a search, executable instructions in the memory of theelectronic device 10 can cause display 16 to display to the human readera second portion of the base work electronic document in which all theselected terms appear as selected by an executable instructionalgorithm, such as within n-units of the others (wherein “n”=a positiveinteger and “units” is selected from the group consisting of words,sentences, lines, paragraphs, pages, or chapters).

Upon selection of a term such as term 18 in FIG. 9, a human reader canbenefit by being reminded of a particular term by being afforded easyaccess to the most recent previous occurrence of a term by selecting,for example, the back arrow 32, at which time the display can show asecond portion of the electronic document in which the previous mentionof the selected term appears, as illustrated in FIG. 10. FIG. 10 shows arepresentative portion of an electronic work, such as an e-book, whichin this exemplary embodiment occurs before the portion illustrated inFIG. 9. As shown in FIG. 10, in addition to a second portion of theelectronic work in which the term

“Captain Fitch” appears is displayed, display 16 can also display searcharrows 32 and 34 for additional searching. Also, as shown in FIG. 10,the display 16 can have a selectable choice for the human reader to goback to where she left off reading, such as a “go back to last pageread” selectable image, icon, button, 40 or the like. In one embodimentthe “go back to last page read” choice can be labeled “Back” or it canbe labeled “Return” or it can be labeled “Last” or other appropriatelabel, and can be activated by tapping or pressing an appropriate“button” on a touchscreen, or by manually scrolling with a cursor, or byaudible signal.

In an embodiment, a human reader can perform additional searching in abranching “tree” format, where the reader can search from the firstdestination search screen (as shown in FIG. 10) to additional portionsof the electronic work based on additional searching. For example, ahuman reader may, upon re-visiting the portion of a previously read partof an electronic work (as depicted in FIG. 10), notice another term,such as “ Scarlet Sea” in FIG. 10, that appears on the display incontext with the displayed portion, and wish to be reminded of itscontext-relevant meaning.

As shown in FIG. 11, a human reader can select the next term, such as“Scarlet Sea” in FIG. 11, to be presented with another opportunity to dosearching as described above, i.e., via back or forward (e.g., by arrows32 and 34), or by entering a secondary search term into search field 36,or Boolean search field 38. For example, as shown in FIG. 12, a humanreader may recall that something significant occurred on the ship theScarlet Sea involving Captain Fitch and a six-fingered pirate, whosename escapes the human reader. The human reader can enter into searchfield 36 the term “Fitch” and into Boolean search field 38 the term“finger” and select the Boolean operator “and”. In this manner,executable instructions in the memory of the device can cause to bedisplayed to the human reader a section of the electronic work in whichthe terms “Scarlet Sea”, “Fitch”, and “finger” each appear as selectedby an executable instruction algorithm, such as selecting terms withinn-units of the others (wherein “n” =a positive integer and “units” isselected from the group consisting of words, sentences, lines,paragraphs, pages, or chapters). In an embodiment, executableinstructions in the memory of the electronic device default to “and” asan operator (or “or” or “not” etc), and search for occurrences of bothterms if the human reader does not choose, or if not selection isavailable to a human reader.

In an embodiment the invention can be described as an electronic devicehaving enhanced search capability, the electronic device havingexecutable instructions in device memory and a human-readable display,the device comprising in the memory an electronic source file of anelectronic document, the electronic document comprising first, second,and third searchable terms, the first searchable term at a first portionof the electronic document being selectable by a human reader withoutthe human reader manually entering in the first searchable term, and thesecond and third searchable terms being related by a Boolean operatorand selectable by the human reader, wherein upon selection by the humanreader of the first, second, and third searchable terms, the executableinstructions cause to be displayed on the display screen a secondportion of the electronic document wherein the first, second, and thirdsearch terms occur. In an embodiment the electronic document is a textfile. In an embodiment the device is a tablet computer, such as an iPad®by Apple. In an embodiment the device is a handheld device such as asmart phone or an iPhone® or an iPod®.

In an embodiment, the invention can be described as an electronicdocument having an enhanced search feature, the electronic documentdisplayable on a display screen by executable instructions in memory ofan electronic device, the electronic document having at least threeterms searchable within, and wherein upon selection of a firstsearchable term by a human reader, and without the human reader manuallyentering in, such as by typing, the first searchable term, andadditionally the human selecting, which can be by a human readermanually entering in text, a second and third searchable terms, thesecond and third searchable terms being related by a Boolean operator(which operator can be an implicit, default operator such as “and”, orcan be chosen by the human reader), wherein the executable instructionscause to be displayed on the display screen another portion of theelectronic document wherein the first, second and third searchable termsappear as selected by an executable instruction algorithm, such aswithin “n” units of each other (wherein “n”=a positive integer and“units” is selected from the group consisting of words, sentences,lines, paragraphs, pages, or chapters). In an embodiment the electronicdocument is an e-book and the electronic device is an e-book reader. Inan embodiment the electronic document is a text file. In an embodimentthe device is a tablet computer, such as an iPad® by Apple. In anembodiment the device is a handheld device such as a smart phone or aniPhone® or an iPod®.

In an embodiment an electronic device, such as an e-book reader, canhave a touchscreen and can be programmed by executable instructions inmemory thereof to permit a human reader to “hover” over a term onscreen,such as by placing fingertip close to the screen, or by pressing on thetouchscreen, thereby producing context-specific information. Upontapping, pressing harder, double tapping, or otherwise further selectingthe selected term, the reader can be presented with context-relevantsearch features. Thus, an electronic document can be enhanced, and anelectronic document reader can be enhanced by having capability of bothcontext-specific information presentation, and context-relevant enhancedsearch capability.

In an embodiment, searching for previous or subsequent occurrences ofterms can be achieved by any means known in the art for searching,including backward and forward word searching. Searching of multipleterms can be considered a filtering function, and can be termed afiltering feature.

In an embodiment, instead of simply displaying a screen of one instanceof the searched-for terms, the display device can display a screenhaving all the instances of the searched-for terms. In one embodiment,for example, a reader of a medical journal may wish to filter a page ofresults based on the combination of the terms “lupus” and “children”. Inthis manner, a reader can “filter” out what could be voluminousinformation not relevant to a reader's interest.

In an embodiment an e-book can be augmented by executable instructionsto be an enhanced e-book. For example, in an embodiment, a human readerutilizing an e-book reader on which is stored an e-book in a currentlyknown format can input, such as, for example, by downloading viawireless internet connection, an application (commonly referred to as an“app”) an electronic file that modifies the e-book's source file to havecapability to implement the various embodiments described herein tothereby convert an e-book into an enhanced e-book.

Thus, in an embodiment the invention can be described as a method forconverting an e-book into an enhanced e-book, the method comprisingproviding an e-book reader having memory for storing e-book source filesand executable instructions for displaying text on a display screen;providing an e-book in the memory of the e-book reader; downloading, viawireless connection or wired (e.g., USB) connection, an electronic filecomprising executable instructions to modify or augment the source fileand to modify executable instructions, if necessary, to execute on thee-book context-specific information and/or context-relevant enhancedsearching features.

In an embodiment, the author, or another person, can select or “tag”certain terms to be secondary search terms associated with other,primary, search terms. Tagging can be by designating for storage in asuitable database field of one term that is intended to be associatedwith another term, so that when a first term is searched the other termcan be displayed to the human reader as a secondary search term. In anembodiment, search terms can be submitted via the internet to apredetermined website by interested persons, and made available fordownload into a suitable executable file for augmenting e-books in orderto convert them to enhanced e-books having an enhanced searchingfeature.

Thus, in an embodiment, the present invention can be described as amethod for converting an e-book into an enhanced e-book, the methodcomprising, (1) providing an e-book reader having electronicallyexecutable instructions for storing in memory and displaying to a humanreader a base work in an electronic source file readable by the e-bookreader; (2) storing on the e-book reader a base work in an electronicsource file (i.e., an e-book); downloading to the e-book an electronicfile application having therein executable instructions for augmentingor modifying the base work with author- or reader- generated tags forsearch terms, the tagged terms incorporated in the executableinstructions to provide the reader with enhanced searching features toconvert an e-book into an enhanced e-book having enhanced searchingcapability.

Further, in an embodiment, the present invention can be described as amethod for facilitating the conversion of an e-book into an enhancede-book, the method comprising, (1) creating an electronic fileapplication having therein executable instructions for augmenting ormodifying a base work in an electronic source file readable by an e-bookreader, the electronic source file having executable instructions toconvert the e-book an enhanced e-book having enhanced searchingcapability; (2) making the electronic file available for download toe-book readers; (3) facilitating downloading the electronic file toe-book readers, after which the e-book reader is converted into anenhanced e-book reader having enhanced searching capability. In oneembodiment the method includes instructions from the facilitator of theelectronic file as to how to use the file.

In another aspect of the present invention, an electronic device, whichcan be an enhanced e-book reader, can be an educational device to aid ahuman reader in learning a language. In an embodiment the informationdisplayed onscreen upon selection of text in a base work, can be atranslation of a selected term, sentence, phrase, or the like. Thus, asdescribed more fully below, in an embodiment a human reader of text on ascreen of an electronic device such as a computer, laptop, iPad,smartphone, handheld web-enabled device, or e-book reader, can select aterm in a first language, such as English, and the executableinstructions in memory of the device can cause to be displayed on thescreen a translation in a second language, such as Spanish. In anembodiment the translation can be a so-called “machine translation” asis known in the art and used on many current web-based translationtools, such as Yahoo!'s Babel Fish (http://babelfish.yahoo.com/) orGoogle Translate (http://translate.google.com/#), as well as manytranslation devices, such as those manufactured by ECTACO and sold atThe Translator Store (http://www.thetranslatorstore.com/) or Franklin,sold at http://www.franklin.com/handhelds/translators/.

Machine translations can be achieved in the present invention by theexecutable instructions of the electronic device accessing, retrieving,and displaying a translation in the same manner as the aforementionedweb-based translation tools or the aforementioned handheld translationdevices. In an embodiment, the software, files, code, and executableinstructions used in a device such as the Franklin TWE-118 can beresident in an electronic device of the present invention, such as anenhanced e-book, wherein selection of a term on the electronic device ofthe present invention replaces the analogous but cumbersome activity oftyping in the term, as is done on known translation devices, and thetranslation is accessed, retrieved and displayed as the screen of anelectronic device such as and e-book reader as it would be on a knowntranslation device. The inventive advantage of the present invention, ofcourse, is the incorporation of a translation tool in the contextualsetting of a predetermined textual narrative, such the displayed text ofan e-book, and the ability to select a term to have a translation appearwithout having to type out the term. In an embodiment a translation canappear upon a human user merely touching, tapping, or otherwiseselecting a term with a single action, analogous to a “1-click”methodology.

In an embodiment, the translation can be based on a human-translatedtext. Thus, if an e-book published in a first language has acorresponding e-book published in a human-translated second language,the two versions can be correspondingly keyed to one another in theirrespective source files stored in memory on the device (orweb-accessible), such that upon selection of a term, sentence, phrase,or the like by a human reader, the human-translated translation isdisplayed for viewing. For example, each term or sentence in the firsttext in a first language can be numbered consecutively, and uponselection of a term or sentence in the first text in a first language,executable instructions in the electronic device can search for thecorresponding number in the second text in the second text, i.e., thetranslated version, and display it accordingly.

In the description below, the electronic device having translationcapability is described in the context of an enhanced e-book, in whichit is believed the educational language-learning opportunities are thegreatest. However, the invention can be beneficial in traditionalelectronic devices, such as computers, laptops, Smartphones, iPhones,iPads, other handheld web-enabled devices, and the like by permittingthe human reader to get a translation merely by selecting a term,sentence, phrase, or the like. That is, rather than using the knowntechniques, which require the user to type terms into a dedicatedtranslation website, device, or the like, and which also requires thehuman reader to leave his present reading material in a disruptiveexercise of entering text into a different translation means, thecurrent invention permits the human reader to get a translation incontext, on screen, and without leaving his present reading material.Thus, the present invention represents a different kind of translationmeans, specifically one which provides on-demand, on-screen, translationof selected terms in a predetermined primary reading text that can be aneducationally beneficial textual narrative, and which does not requirecumbersome secondary translation software or devices.

In one embodiment utilizing an electronic device that includes apointing device, such as a mouse, the present invention can utilizetypical mouse functions, such as a left button, or right buttonselection to initiate a translation. For example, in an embodimenthaving a mouse and executable software instructions for mouseoperations, the executable instructions can include instructions toaccess a translation module in the memory of the device and retrieve anddisplay a translated term, phrase, sentence, or the like, upon selectionof the term, phrase, sentence, or the like, by use of the mouse. Use ofthe mouse can include use of dedicated buttons for translation, such as,in an embodiment, a third mouse button dedicated to use for holding in aknown manner to make a selection, such as by “shading” text in knownways, at which time executable instructions can access, retrieve, anddisplay a translation by means known in the art. For example, forweb-enabled devices, the executable instructions can access GoogleTranslate, retrieve a translation, and display the translation on thescreen of the device. In another embodiment, the electronic device canhave resident in memory machine translation software, such as is knownon current dedicated translation devices, such as the aforementionedECTACO or Franklin devices. Upon selection in the reading text, andwithout needing to separately or manually access a different device orsoftware, executable instructions in the electronic device can access,retrieve, and display the translation in an identical manner as iscurrently utilized on dedicated handheld translators.

Referring to the Figures, in which an enhanced e-book reader is shown asa representative, but non-limiting, electronic device, an enhancede-book reader 10 having an educational translation capability isdescribed. FIG. 13 shows an embodiment in which a user reading in afirst language, English, wishes to have translated into a secondlanguage, Spanish, a selected term 18. In this embodiment, a nativeSpanish-speaking reader may be reading an English-language version of anenhanced e-book in order to improve his English language skills. As hereads, he might understand most of what he reads, but he might comeacross a term, such as, in the illustrated case, “village” which he doesnot know. In an embodiment, the enhanced e-book 10 can have a defaultsetting for translations, in which case upon selection of term 18 theexecutable instructions in memory automatically and virtuallyimmediately can return the Spanish translation. In an embodiment, aftera human reader selects the term “village” the enhanced e-book canpresent to him any of various selectable icons or “buttons” such as, forexample, button 42 to select the translation function and button 44 toselect which language to translate into. Button 44 can also incorporatea drop-down style menu selection in which the human reader can selectfrom any of available languages to translate into. In the illustratedcase in FIG. 13, the human reader has selected to translate into hismother tongue, Spanish, and a translation of the term “village” is shownas the Spanish translated term 46 “aldea”.

In a related embodiment, a human reader can read a base work in hisnative language, and choose to select terms to reveal their translationinto a second language. In one embodiment, for example, a native Spanishreader can read a predetermined text of a base work in his nativeSpanish, and upon desiring to know the English translation of a term,select it for display of an English translation. In one embodiment,after selecting a term for translation, a human reader can choose tohave all such terms in the base work be translated, in the same manneras the “replace all” function in popular word processing programs. Inlike manner, the executable instructions of the electronic device of thepresent invention can incorporate “find”, “next”, and “replace”functions as is known in the art of electronic word processing. Bysystematically replacing terms as they are learned, a reader can, overtime, convert a base work in a first language into a translated work, ora substantially translated work, or a partially translated work, in aprocess of language learning.

Thus in an embodiment an enhanced e-book reader can be a device havingexecutable instructions in device memory for displaying to a humanreader a predetermined base work in a first language and options totranslate a term upon selection by the human reader, and, optionally, totranslate all such terms and their related forms (e.g., verb forms) intoa second language. A method of using such a device can include the stepsof providing an enhanced e-book reader having the above-mentionedcapability; selection by a human reader of a term for translation by themethods disclosed herein, and either in the same step or in a separatestep, selection by a human reader to translate all like terms in thepredetermined base work; repeating the selection/translation steps forat least another, different, term in the predetermined base work; andoptionally repeating the selection/translation steps until all theterms, or substantially all the terms, of the predetermined base workare translated. As can be appreciated, the enhanced e-book and methoddescribed above permit a human reader to gradually translate terms as hereads a predetermined base work, such a a novel or other meaningfulnarrative, with the gradual translation permitting the human reader tobe educated in the new language.

The advantages of the present invention are evident from the illustratedembodiments, including the embodiment illustrated with respect to FIG.13. Specifically, the human reader need not use a separate cumbersomedevice to translate, or even use a known paper and ink version of atranslating dictionary. Moreover, the human reader need not type in aterm for translating. The human reader merely selects, which can be by aone touch single action, and sees a translation on screen and incontext. Another advantage of the invention for language learning isthat the human reader can read in context, that is, in a meaningfulnarrative of a portion of text in which the translation appears togetherwith context clues as to its meaning. The educational benefit providedby the present invention which allows a user to seamlessly see atranslated term in real time and in context can hardly be overestimated.

In an embodiment, a human reader looking at a translated term may havean idea that there is another word into which the first text can betranslated. For example, in the illustrated embodiment, a reader whosefirst, or native, language is Spanish, and who is reading in English toimprove his language skills, may suspect that the translated term 46“aldea” is not the only or best translated term 46. In such a case, asis illustrated in FIG. 14, the electronic device, such as an enhancede-book 10, can incorporate a “synonym” function. In an embodiment, inaddition to (or instead of, or before) showing a first translated term46, the device can show synonyms accessed, retrieved, and displayed froma file in the device memory. As illustrated, the human reader can bepresented with a “synonym” button 48. Of course, any of various otherfunctions, such as antonyms, homonyms, thesaurus entries, alternativespellings, and the like can be provided for in a like manner.

As shown in FIG. 15, upon selecting the “synonym” button 48, at leastone synonym 47 can be shown with the original translated term 46. Oncethe human reader reads the translation, he can press any of known“escape” or “back” buttons or the like (not shown) to remove thetranslated terms and return to unobstructed reading of the primary, orbase, text. Also, as shown in FIGS. 14 and 15, the onscreen display caninclude back and forward arrows 32 and 34 for further language learningin translation mode. For example, back or forward arrows 32 can searchthe enhanced e-book for the most recent previous use, or the next use,respectively, of the selected term 18. Likewise, the forward or backarrows 34 can be used to see the last, or first, respectively, use ofthe selected term 18. Of course, as described above with respect toarrows 32 and 34, any of various buttons, icons, images, or otherselectable features can be utilized for the term search function. Alsolikewise, the search can be for a phrase, sentence, or other selectedtext. Thus, a reader wishing utilizing the enhanced e-book to learn asecond language can see the same selected term 18 as it is used invarious other contexts throughout the primary text.

In an embodiment, a human reader may desire simply to see a typicaldictionary translation of the various terms for which a term in a firstlanguage may be translated. For example, as shown in FIG. 16, uponselecting the selected term 18, executable instructions in the device,such as the illustrated enhanced e-book 10, cause to be accessed,retrieved and displayed a typical dictionary translation 50 of the term.As in all embodiments, access can be from a resident file in thedevice's memory, or from online access to a translation function from aweb-enabled device.

In an embodiment, a human reader may wish to see a translation of acomplete sentence. For example, to use the illustrated example, a humanreader may see the various translations of the selected term 18“confront” and realize that the in-sentence context may dictate onetranslated term over another. Thus, in an embodiment, as illustrated inFIG. 17, the human reader can select an entire sentence 18 fortranslation, and the executable instructions in device memory can causeto be accessed, retrieved and displayed a translation 52 of the entiresentence. Again, the translation 52 can be a so-called “machinetranslation” as is known in the art and utilized by web-basedtranslation services such as Babel Fish or Google Translate. However, inan embodiment, translation 52 can be a human-translated sentenceprovided in an accessible source file for access, retrievable anddisplay.

In an embodiment a reader wishing to improve his second languagecapability may wish to see other translations of the selected term orsentence 18. For example, a reader may suspect that a certain machinetranslation is not the best. Therefore, in an embodiment, as shown inFIG. 18, the electronic device of the present invention can provide formore than one translation, with each translation being from a differentmachine translation protocol. As shown in FIG. 18, for example, anenhanced e-book reader 10 of the present invention can show more thanone different translation of the same sentence, each translated on adifferent web-based translation platform or protocol, and each differingin certain uses of terminology, such as the particular prepositions,nouns, and verb forms utilized for the English terms. In this manner, ahuman reader can appreciate subtle differences in translation, and canoften glean a best translation of all the terms in context.

In a like manner entire paragraphs can be translated. In a like mannervarious other study aids can be implemented such as multiple languagedictionary options, multiple language thesaurus options, audibletranslations, voice recognition and playback of translated terms, suchas are known in the art. For example, the electronic device, such as anenhanced e-book reader can, upon selecting a term 18 utilize executableinstructions to access, retrieve and generate an audible pronunciationof the selected term 18, by means known in the art.

In an embodiment the invention is an enhanced e-book reader having inmemory an e-book source file and executable instructions for displayingfirst text in a first language from the source file on the enhancede-book reader display, and as a separate but related source file, or inthe same source file, a translated version of the first text into atleast one second text which comprises at least one second language. Inan embodiment, the translation is a machine translation. Translationstools, methods, systems, and software can be any as are known in theart, including those disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,182,027, issued toNasukawa et al. on Jan. 30, 2001; U.S. Pat. No. 6,876,963, issued toMiyahira et al. on Apr. 5, 2005; and, U.S. Pat. No. 7,359,849, issued toPalmquist on Apr. 15, 2008, each of which patents are herebyincorporated herein by reference for all their enabling teachingrelating to electronic machine translation.

In an embodiment the translation is a human-translated version of thefirst text. A human-translated version of a work in a first language canbe greatly beneficial to educational understanding by ensuring thatsubtle meanings are reflected and that idioms are correctly translated.An idiom is a word or expression whose meaning cannot be completelyunderstood solely from the words used. Attempting to translate anidiomatic expression word for word, such as can happen with a machinetranslation, can result in confusion.

In an embodiment a current e-book reader can be made into an enhancede-book reader by adding a translation module to the memory of thedevice. For example, translation software from LingvoSoft®(www.lingvosoft.com) can be downloaded via a wireless connection, or viaa wired connection such as a USB cable, or otherwise loaded onto anelectronic device for executable operation on the device. Once loaded,executable instructions in the electronic device can be programmed todetect a selected term, such as term 18, and enter it, like a typed interm, into the input for the translation software to translate,delivering it to the software for translation. Once translated,executable instructions in the memory of the electronic device can, bymeans known in the art, and per a desired format, return the translatedoutput to the screen of the electronic device the translation.

A translation module comprising such features as the LingvoSoft®Translator can comprise all the software and hardware necessary to makea machine translation, and can comprise or consist of the necessarysoftware and hardware as resides in current handheld translation devicessuch as the abovementioned ECTACO and Franklin devices, as well as anyuser interface instructions, as can be implemented as desired by meansknown in the art.

In an embodiment, the software and executable instructions of a anelectronic device, such as an enhanced e-book reader, can compriseinstructions to access the internet via a web-enabled device and useweb-based technology to download a machine translation to the devicefrom web-based tools such as the aforementioned Google Translate. In anembodiment, executable instructions detect a selected term, sentence, orphrase, optionally store the term, sentence, or phrase in memory,connect to a web-based translation site such as Google Translate,retrieve the selected term, sentence, or phrase (if previously stored)from memory and input it, or directly input it for translation, and,after being translated by the web-based translator, display theweb-based translation output on the screen of the electronic device.

In an embodiment, an electronic device, including an enhanced e-bookreader of the present invention, can have improved on-screen selectionability. When a touch screen is utilized, particularly on a smalldevice, such as cellular telephone screen, an iPhone® or iPad-typedevice, and on e-book readers, it can be difficult to ensure that one'sfinger is actually selecting a desired term when pressing thetouchscreen to make a selection. For example, for relatively largefingers and/or relatively small text, a finger tip can be coveringmultiple selectable units. By “selectable units” herein is meant any ofterms, icons, links, or other selectable text or images displayed andconfigured for selection by pressing on a device's touchscreen.

One known improvement for this problem is a TrueTouch Hover fingercontrolled touchscreens by Cypress Semiconductor, as reported 20 Apr.2010 at www.cypress.com/?rID=42779. The TrueTouch Hover capacitivetouchscreen provides hover detection, before the finger touches down.Hover detection can be non-contact hovering, and can also encompasssome, such as slight, contact with a touchscreen, but not enough contactto constitute “pressing” or otherwise effecting a selection. Hoverdetection can allow the browser on a mobile phone, for example, toincrease the font size of a selectable unit(s) as the finger approachesthe screen. However, merely increasing the font size, or otherwisemagnifying the image under a sensed fingertip, may not be sufficient fortrouble-free accurate selection, as the fingertip can still block someor all of the text, and for relatively small text (or other selectableunits), even the magnified text might be too small to effect properselection. For this reason, an electronic device of the presentinvention, including iPad-like computer pad devices, mobile phones, ande-book readers, can implement an improvement of the present invention,as illustrated in FIG. 19.

As shown in FIG. 19, an improvement useful in electronic devices usingtouchscreen technology is an offset indication of a multi-digitselectable units (e.g., multi-number and/or multi-letter words) link tobe selected. In the enhanced e-book example illustrated in FIG. 19, forexample, a user using a touchscreen can use a finger 54 (showndiagrammatically and “transparently” to permit multi-letter words underfinger to be seen) to select a selectable unit, such as a multi-letterterm in an e-book, such as illustrated, the selected term 18 “kids”.Because the term is relatively short, and the text may be relativelysmall, a reader wishing to select the term may find that his or herfinger covers the term, and, in fact, may be over the adjacent term“the” and/or the adjacent term “Should.” Even if hover detection andmagnification technology is utilized, it can be that the magnified termdesired to be selected is nevertheless blocked by the user's finger 54or confounded by nearby selectable terms or images. For this reason, theelectronic device of the present invention, including an enhanced e-bookreader, can utilize the offset selection indication shown in FIG. 19.

As shown in FIG. 19, a touchscreen 16 can utilize hover detection as isknown in the art, such as TrueTouch Hover finger controlled touchscreensby Cypress Semiconductor and U.S. 2006/0022955, Ser. No. 10/927,925,entitled “Visual Expander”, filed Aug. 26, 2004, naming Kennedy; U.S.2006/0132460, Ser. No. 11/018,679, entitled “Touch Screen Accuracy”,filed Dec. 22, 2004, naming Kolmykov-Zotov, et al.; U.S. 2006/0161871,Ser. No. 11/241,839, entitled “Proximity Detector in Handheld Device”,filed Sep. 30, 2005, in the name of Hotelling et al. It is known to makescreens that can detect the proximity of a finger or thumb prior toactual pressing contact with the touchscreen, and in some cases modifythe hovered-over area, such as enlarging or offsetting. But rather thanmerely exaggerate, magnify, or otherwise enlarge the hovered-over textat the location of the hovered-over text, executable instructions indevice 10 (which is shown as an enhanced e-book reader, but could be anyelectronic device utilizing a touchscreen) causes a representation ofthe discrete selectable unit to appear in a separate, offset location,such as window 56 shown in FIG. 19. By representation is meant either anexact visual replica of the discrete selectable unit, or a modified butrecognizable form of the discrete selectable unit. For example, as shownin FIG. 20, the numeral “4” in window 56 may be a different font, adifferent color, a different size, or have any of various otherdifferences from the numeral “4” of the keypad, but it is a recognizableform of the keypad numeral “4.” In an embodiment, a discrete selectableunit is a complete word in the language of the e-book, as illustrated inFIG. 19.

The separate, offset location can have any desired configuration, aslong as it shows a discrete selectable unit in a location remote from auser's finger or thumb, so that it is clearly visible and not blocked bythe user's finger or thumb. In this manner, a user can look at, forexample, window 56, and see what he or she is about to select if,instead of hovering, he or she contacts the touchscreen by pressingsufficiently to effect a selection. Remote location, such as window 56can be a sufficient distance d to ensure adequate separation from auser's finger or thumb. In an embodiment d can equal about 12 mm, orabout 18 mm, or about 25 mm or about 37 mm, or about 50 mm or about 100mm, or any of 1 mm increments between any of the preceding distances, inany direction from the hover location. In an embodiment, d can be equalto from about 5% to about 90% and any 1% increment between, of a maximumlength or width (whichever is greater) dimension D of touchscreen 16. Inan embodiment, d can be a distance equal to about 10% or about 20% orabout 30% or about 50% or about 60% or about 70% or about 80% of D.

As is clear from the discussion herein, an offset indication of adiscrete selectable unit of text, imagery, icons, or other selectableunits, permits a user to look at a screen location remote from thatunder his or her finger to see what it is he or she is about to selectupon making sufficient pressing contact with the touchscreen. In ane-book execution, an offset indication of a discrete selectable unit ofmulti-letter text or multi-number text is particularly valuable, as ahuman reader is likely to wish to select an entire word or number,rather than, as with telephones, a single number or single letter. Theexecutable instructions for effecting the offset indication can beimplemented in any of known ways of effecting screen images. Forexample, the capacitive hover detection can detect a selectable unitclosest in proximity to a user's finger tip and the executableinstructions can effect a selection of a term, image, icon, or otherdiscrete selectable unit closest to the closest proximity, and display arepresentation of the discrete selectable unit a distance d from theuser's finger tip for easier viewing by the user.

Offset indication of discrete selectable units can be particularlyvaluable when dialing numbers on a mobile device capable of telephoniccommunication, such as a mobile telephone. FIG. 20 shows a typicalmobile device 60 having mobile telephone functionality. Device 60 couldbe, or be similar to, an e-book reader, an iPad®, or an iPhone®, forexample. Such mobile devices can display the telephone keypad as imagesfor selecting by touching the touchscreen 62 over the desired number.

However, for relatively large fingers or thumbs, and/or relatively smallnumbers, the user's finger or thumb can block not only the desirednumber, but adjacent numbers, so that it is easy to inadvertently selecta number adjacent the desired number. For example, in the illustrationof FIG. 20, a user's finger 54 is over the number “4”, but the numbers“4”, “5” “6” and parts of “2” and “3” are blocked by finger 54.

The frustration of inadvertently selecting a wrong “key” on an onscreentelephone keypad can be minimized, if not eliminated by utilizinghover-detecting touchscreen, such as the TrueTouch Hover fingercontrolled touchscreens by Cypress Semiconductor with offset indicationas disclosed herein. Thus, as shown in FIG. 20, a closest number inproximity to a users hovering finger or thumb tip can be displayed in aseparate location, such as window 56, which, as disclosed above can be adistance d from the selectable number. In this manner, a user need lookat only one location of screen 62 and merely move his or her finger orthumb about, selecting the desired number as it appears at remote,offset location, such as window 56. When the desired number appears inthe offset location, such as window 56, the user presses the touchscreento effect a selection. The process can then be repeated for the nextnumber in a phone number, or any other function such as “send” or “end”without the user needing to look anywhere onscreen except at the offsetlocation. Such a feature has not only convenience benefits, but safetybenefits as many drivers attempt to dial while driving.

In another embodiment, an electronic device comprising a hover-detectingtouchscreen can, instead of, or together with a corresponding visuallyperceptible representation of the hovered-over discrete selectable unit,executable instructions in device 10 or 62 can cause to be emitted acorresponding audibly perceptible representation of the discreteselectable unit. For example, using the embodiment shown in FIG. 20,mobile device 60 can be configured with a sound-emitting speaker thatemits an audible “four” when a user's finger hovers closest over thenumber “4”. Thus a driver who attempts to dial phone number need nottake his eyes off the road to effectively dial a phone number, enter atext message, or perform any of other known functions on a mobiletelephone.

In an embodiment, after pressing to select a selectable unit that wasrepresented in an offset location, or audibly as described above, thedevice can emit a confirming representation, either visibly or audibly.Thus, for example, in an embodiment, in after the device emits anaudible representation of “four”, and the user presses the numeral “4”,the device can again emit the sound “four” in confirmation. In likemanner, a confirming visible image can be displayed onscreen afterpressing a selectable unit to confirm the selection.

Therefore, in an embodiment, the present invention can be described asan electronic device comprising a hover-detecting touchscreen, thedevice comprising memory and executable instructions in the memory forcausing a discrete selectable unit to be displayed on the screen, andwhereupon upon detection by the hover-detecting touchscreen of ahovering finger or thumb tip in the proximity of the discrete selectableunit, the executable instructions cause a visually or audiblyperceptible representation of the discrete selectable unit to bedisplayed in an offset location of the touchscreen. In an embodiment,the device can further comprise executable instructions in memory toemit a confirmatory representation of the selectable unit, theconfirmatory representation being either visible or audible. In anembodiment, the device is an e-book reader, an iPad®-like pad computingdevice, or the like, but differing from current technology in that thedevice also comprises telephone capability. For example, an e-bookreader or iPad® device, or the like can have integrated into itssoftware and hardware the technology present in an iPhone® or likedevice, thereby enabling a device so-equipped to not only serve as ane-book or tablet or pad computer, but also offer telephonefunctionality. In an embodiment, the e-book reader, tablet computer, orpad device has wireless functionality, such as that provided byBluetooth® technology, so as to permit a person to utilize the device asa telephone without having to actually raise the device to his or herear. All hardware and software can be combined into one device by meansknown to those skilled in the art, but heretofore overlooked because ofthe nonobvious nature of the combination. That is, both pad devices andtelephones have long been known, but until now no one has discovered thesynergistic benefit of putting the two together.

In an embodiment, an e-book reader of the present invention can be inevery way configured as current e-book readers, but for one difference:the e-book reader can be configured for purposefully limited use. By“purposefully limited use” is meant limited use, such as predeterminedlimited time of use, that is predetermined and not due merely to“wearing out” or getting lost, or unintended malfunction or destruction.By way of example, disposable cameras are examples of devices having“purposefully limited use” as they are intended to be used for apredetermined limited time and then disposed of or recycled.

In one embodiment an e-book reader of the present invention can bedisposable. By disposable is meant intended for purposefully limited,including one-time, use, the limitation on use being one of limitedcontent or limited time, with the device being essentially useless as ane-book reader after the expiration of the predetermined content orpredetermined time. For example, an e-book reader can be supplied withlimited content, such as one complete e-book source file for displayingan e-book of finite length, and, after the e-book reader has displayedthe limited content fully one time (or a predetermined number of times),the e-book reader is programmed, or the e-book source file isprogrammed, to prevent any additional viewing of the content. Of course,the e-book reader could be configured to permit one, two, or moreviewings of the content, but the executable instructions of the e-bookreader, or the source code of the e-book file would dictate apredetermined finite number of viewings of the content.

In another embodiment, an e-book reader can be configured for limiteduse, including as a disposable e-book reader, by limiting the time forwhich the content of an e-book source file can be viewed. The time canbe considered as absolute, e.g., from the time of purchase, or relative,such as the actual time the screen of the e-book reader is active. Orthe time can be dictated by the length of time of a single batterycharge, or predetermined number of battery chargings. For example, thebattery can be a non-rechargeable battery. Or the battery can be anon-replaceable battery. Or the battery can be “factory-rechargeable” or“factory replaceable”, that is, rechargeable or replaceable by methods,such as proprietary methods, requiring return to the “factory” or otherauthorized recharger/replacer. Or the battery can be a single use,non-rechargeable battery. In any event, after the predetermined time isexpired the e-book reader can be disposed of. Disposal for disposablee-book readers can be by recycling, in a similar manner as disposablecameras are handled currently.

In another embodiment, an e-book reader can be configured for limiteduse, including as a disposable e-book reader, by limiting the amount orkind of memory available for e-book source file storage and display. Inone embodiment an e-book reader can have substantially only enoughmemory for a predetermined intended e-book source file. In an embodimentan e-book reader can be supplied with content in memory, the e-bookreader having no download or read/write capability to add content tomemory or exchange content in memory. In an embodiment the e-book readercan have no non-volatile memory. In an embodiment an e-book reader canhave no “flash” memory. Thus, an e-book reader can be dedicated topredetermined content.

Therefore, in one embodiment, an e-book reader of the present inventioncan be described as an e-book reader having a predetermined operativeperiod, the predetermined operative period being defined by limited timeor limited content, after which operative period expires the e-bookreader no longer functions as an e-book reader. In an embodiment thepredetermined operative period is less than one year. In an embodimentthe predetermined operative period is less than six months. In anembodiment the predetermined operative period is less than three months.In an embodiment the predetermined operative period is less than onemonth. In an embodiment the predetermined operative period is less than100 hours of time the screen is illuminated. In an embodiment thepredetermined operative period is less than 50 hours of time the screenis illuminated. In an embodiment the predetermined operative period isless than 10 hours of time the screen is illuminated. In an embodimentthe predetermined operative period is N times an installed batterycharge, where N can be any integer between 1 and 100.

In another embodiment, an e-book reader of the present invention can bedescribed as an e-book reader having stored in memory viewable content,the viewable content being viewable for a limited time not dictated bybattery life, wherein after the limited time the content is no longerviewable on the e-book reader.

In another embodiment, an e-book reader of the present invention can bedescribed as an e-book reader powered by a nonrechargeable battery.

In another embodiment, an e-book reader of the present invention can bedescribed as an e-book reader powered by a factory-rechargeable battery.

In another embodiment, an e-book reader of the present invention can bedescribed as an e-book reader powered by a factory-rechargeable batteryor a factory-replaceable battery.

One benefit of an e-book reader having a predetermined operative periodis the ability to control the electronic use of copyrighted material.For example, in schools, libraries, and other institutions where in thepast traditional books have been used and then “turned in”, a limitedoperative period e-book reader permits electronic content to be viewedfor a limited time without requiring that the e-book content be returnedin the traditional manner. The user merely returns or disposes of thee-book reader, and the e-book content is likewise disposed of. Suche-book readers can be vended from vending machines, for example, such asin airports or hotel lobbies. A vended e-book reader can be a disposablee-book reader such that, like a paperback book, it can be simplydiscarded or recycled after use.

Thus, in an embodiment, the present invention can be described as avending machine, the vending machine having inside for vending e-bookreaders, at least one of the e-book readers having, in addition to any,all, or none of the above mentioned features, a predetermined operativeperiod. The vending machine can have and utilize any known operationaltechnology as is known in the art for vending machines.

In an embodiment, the present invention can be described as a method ofselling and/or dispensing e-book readers, the method comprising thesteps of providing a vending machine configured for vending an e-bookreader upon receipt of a correct monetary amount, and dispensing ane-book reader upon selection of the e-book by a user of the vendingmachine.

In an embodiment the invention can be described as an e-book reader, thee-book reader having a predetermined operative period, the operativeperiod being defined by limited time or limited content, after whichoperative period expires the e-book reader no longer functions as ane-book reader.

In an embodiment, the invention can be described as an e-book reader,the e-book reader having stored in memory viewable content, the viewablecontent being viewable for a limited time not dictated by battery life,wherein after the limited time the content is no longer viewable on thee-book reader.

In an embodiment, the invention can be described as an e-book readercomprising a nonrechargeable battery and powered at least partially bythe nonrechargeable battery. In one embodiment the battery is intendedfor single use.

In an embodiment, the invention can be described as an e-book readercomprising a factory-rechargeable battery and powered at least partiallyby the factory-rechargeable battery.

In an embodiment, the invention can be described as an e-book readercomprising a factory-replaceable battery and powered at least partiallyby the factory-replaceable battery.

In an embodiment, the invention can be described as an e-book readercomprising a nonrechargeable battery and powered solely by thenonrechargeable battery.

In an embodiment, the invention can be described as an e-book readercomprising a factory-rechargeable battery and powered solely by thefactory-rechargeable battery.

In an embodiment, the invention can be described as an e-book readercomprising a factory-replaceable battery and powered solely by thefactory-replaceable battery.

In an embodiment, the invention can be described as a disposable e-bookreader.

In all cases of e-book readers of the present invention comprising abattery, the battery can be electrically and mechanically connected andlocated in the e-book reader in any manner desired, as is currentlyknown and practiced in the art of e-book readers and otherbattery-powered electronic devices. For example, in some currentelectronic devices the battery can be user-accessed and user-replaced.In other current electronic devices the battery is inaccessible to theuser and is either inaccessible or must be accessed by trainedpersonnel. Either approach can be utilized in like manner as desired fore-book readers of the present invention.

In an embodiment, an e-book reader of the present invention can be inevery way configured as current e-book readers, but for one difference:the e-book reader can have little or no internal memory. That is, thee-book reader can be a “dummy” reader, referred to herein as a“memoryless e-book reader”, that is incapable of storing an e-booksource file in what is known as “internal memory” and is generallypermanent internal memory. For example, current e-book readers have from1-4 GB of permanent internal memory (distinguished from RAM for handlingoperational tasks). An e-book reader of the present invention can haveless than 1 GB or less than 1 MB or less than 512 bytes of internalmemory, and it can even have 0 MB of permanent internal memory forstoring an e-book source file.

To compensate for having little or no internal memory for storing e-booksource files, a memoryless e-book reader of the present invention canhave a memory card slot that can accept a memory storage device, alsocalled a memory card, such as a USB flash drive, a compact flash drive(Type 1 or Type 2), a Sony Memory Stick or Sony Memory Stick Pro, orSony Memory Stick Duo, Reduced Size MultiMediaCard (RS-MMC), orMultimediaCard Mobile (MMC Mobile), Secure Digital (SD) card, SmartMediaCard, or any other of known memory storage cards. Whatever theconfiguration of memory card/slot, the memory card supplies all, orsubstantially all, of the “internal” memory for the memoryless e-bookreader. In an embodiment, an e-book source file is stored on the memorystorage card, and once inserted into the card slot on the e-book reader,the memoryless e-book reader operates in a like manner to current e-bookreaders.

A memoryless e-book reader having little or no permanent internal memoryis shown in FIG. 21. As shown, memoryless e-book reader 100 has a screen16, a keyboard 12 and other functional buttons 14 as is known in the artof e-book readers. However, e-book reader 100 of FIG. 21 has little orno internal memory for storing e-book source files. In one embodiment,e-book reader 10 has less than 512 MB of internal memory.

In one embodiment, e-book reader 100 has less than 256 MB of internalmemory. In one embodiment, e-book reader 100 has less than 128 MB ofinternal memory. In one embodiment, e-book reader 100 has less than 64MB of internal memory. In one embodiment, e-book reader 100 has lessthan 32 MB of internal memory. In one embodiment, e-book reader 100 hasless than 16 MB of internal memory. In one embodiment, e-book reader 100has less than 8 MB of internal memory. In one embodiment, e-book reader100 has less than 1 MB of internal memory. Instead of permanent internalmemory, e-book reader 100 as shown in FIG. 21 utilizes memory storagedevices 66 that can be inserted into a compatible card slot 64, afterwhich time, the memory storage device serves the function of internalmemory for storing e-book source files as long as the card is inserted.Executable instructions in the e-book reader's CPU can retrieve thee-book source file and display the e-book on the e-book reader's screen.

A “dummy” memoryless e-book reader having little or no internal memorycan be useful for several purposes. First, libraries can use memorylesse-book readers to loan or check out, or rent, with the e-book sourcefile being supplied on a memory storage card. Thus, a library patron cancheck out a memoryless e-book reader and a memory storage cardcontaining an e-book source file for an e-book which the patron wishesto display for reading. In this manner reading material can becontrolled for copyright purposes. Once the library patron has read thee-book, he or she returns the memory storage card, just as he or shewould have returned a book. The memory storage card can then becatalogued for future lending to another library patron.

The memory storage device can be configured by means known in the art toprevent unauthorized distribution, including copying to, reading by, orwriting to, other devices. In this manner, copyright protections can bereadily enforced in situations, such as with lending libraries, in whichunauthorized copying or distribution can occur. The memory storagedevice can be configured for predetermined limited use, or for one-timeuse, by electrical, electronic, or mechanical means. In an embodiment,the prevention of unauthorized distribution is accomplishedelectronically, wherein the memory storage device can have embedded inthe software code therein instructions to permit only one, or a limitedpredetermined number, reading of the information displayed. In anembodiment, the prevention of unauthorized copying is accomplishedelectrically, wherein one or more of the electrical contacts of thememory storage device are designed to provide electrical contact uponinsertion of the device into a compatible e-book reader, but becomeinoperable upon ejection of the device. For example, the electricalcontacts can be attached to a plastic housing of the memory storagedevice at a leading edge only. Upon insertion the electrical contactscan glide in relatively easily to make operable electrical contact, butupon ejection, an un-joined edge of an electrical contact can becomelodged against a portion of the e-book reader housing, which portion canthen be bent back and/or broken off, such that the memory storage deviceis no longer usable. In an embodiment, a memory storage device comprisesa plastic housing, as is currently known in the art, but with adifference: a portion of the plastic housing, or another portion of thememory storage device, is purposely alterable and/or frangible, so thatupon insertion of the memory storage device into a compatible e-bookreader the alterable/frangible portion offers functionality, such asfunctioning to aid in proper seating of the memory storage device, andupon ejecting of the memory storage device from a card slot of an e-bookreader, the alterable/frangible portion is altered and/or broken off,after which the memory storage device is no longer operable in thee-book reader, and cannot be reused. For example, upon ejection afrangible portion necessary for proper seating can be altered, bent,broken off, or otherwise rendered unusable for further use.

In one embodiment, the invention is an e-book lending system comprisinga collection of memory storage cards, at least one memory storage cardhaving thereon an e-book source file for displaying an e-book on ane-book reader configured to accept the memory storage card. The memorystorage cards can be kept “behind the counter” for checkout, or they canbe housed in a plastic “cover” much like current DVD's are kept in videorental stores now. Thus, a library patron could “browse” the shelves of“covers”, which covers can have descriptive material about the book, theauthor, or anything else an author or publisher would like to havedisplayed. Once finished browsing, the library patron can take the“books” to the checkout desk, where a librarian or other authorizedperson can process a checkout of the memory storage card.

In one embodiment, a memory storage card can be loaned or rented in its“book cover”, much as DVD's are currently rented. In such an embodiment,the librarian or other authorized person may have to physically orelectronically “release” the memory storage card for removal from thecover. Therefore, in an embodiment, the invention is a shelf, such as abook shelf, which can be a book shelf in a library, the shelf comprisingplastic cases stored thereon, at least one of the plastic cases havinginside at least one memory storage device on which is stored an e-booksource file for reading by a compatible e-book reader or similar device(such as an iPad®, or other pad computer device). Of course, the shelfcould also be a rack, a table, a counter, and the like.

After loan or rental of the memory storage card, the user can insert thememory storage card into his or her e-book reader, or insert it into a“dummy” memoryless reader supplied by the library. After insertion, thememoryless e-book reader can function in other ways like current e-bookreaders.

Second, in like manner schools, universities, and institutions cansupply to their students, teachers, faculty, and researchers memorylesse-book readers. Elementary school students, for example, can be suppliedwith their school supplies memoryless e-book readers intended to be usedfor school assignments. Teachers or librarians can supply the desiredmemory storage cards for the various required textbooks, readingassignments, or other reading material. One benefit is that studentsneed not carry many “paper” books around, but need merely carry amemoryless e-book reader and the required memory storage cards.

In like manner memory cards can be vended, such as from vending machinesin airports, and be utilized in e-book readers, including in memorylesse-book readers.

In one embodiment memoryless e-book readers have no capability to“download” an e-book source file to permanent internal memory, eitherwirelessly or via wire. In another embodiment, however, in addition to,or instead of, supplying memory storage cards, the e-book reader canhave a limited access port for facilitating a download of an e-bookreader to permanent internal memory. The limited access port, like aspecially configured USB port, can have a proprietary configuration suchthat only authorized persons in possession of the requisite connectortype can effect a download of e-book source file content. For example, amodified USB-type connector could be utilized and controlled such thatonly authorized downloading entities, such as licensed libraries, are inpossession of the requisite cable, and therefore can download e-booksource file content onto an e-book reader. In an embodiment, the contentdownloaded via a limited access connection means can be time limitedand/or copy protected, such that the downloaded content has a limited orconfined existence.

Third, museum personnel, tour guides, symposia organizers, and the like,can offer museum guides, tour information, and symposia information,respectively, on portable memory that can be inserted into, or otherwiseplugged, attached, or joined, to a memoryless e-book reader. In thismanner, rather than have hard copy printed paper materials for userinformation, museums, tours, and symposia can benefit from therelatively easy-to-modify, and convenient to manage electronic form ofinformation for their respective customers, guests, or audience members.For example, a museum that experiences changing exhibits can offerpatrons a “dummy” memoryless e-book reader and an appropriate memorystorage device for the current exhibit mix. Museum patrons can thenrefer to the e-book reader so equipped for the most current, up to dateinformation as they visit the museum.

In an embodiment, e-book readers, including memoryless e-book readers,can have a port for receiving a memory storage device. As shown in FIG.21, a memory storage device 66 can be designed to fit in to a memoryslot 64 of an e-book reader 100, which can be adapted for lending orvending purposes. For example, e-book reader 100 can be vendedseparately from memory storage device 66, and likewise, e-book reader100 can be vended separately from memory storage device 66. Memorystorage device 66 can have stored thereon by means known in the art forstorage of digital information, at least one e-book source file and anysupporting electronic files, links, and other enhancing data. In thismanner, lending libraries and/or vending machines can stock forlending/vending one or both of e-book reader 100 or memory storagedevice 66, for their respective customers.

Enhanced e-books and e-book readers of the present invention can haveother features beneficial to an enhanced reading experience for a humanreader. In one embodiment, enhanced e-book reader 10 is equipped withBluetooth® technology or equivalent, as is well-known in the art. IfBluetooth (or equivalent for wireless data transmission) technology isused, an enhanced e-book can be listened to in a Bluetooth®-equippedvehicle through the vehicle's speaker system. In an embodiment thedevice is a handheld device such as a smart phone or an iPhone® or aniPod®. Additionally, ear buds, or other in-ear speakers for aBluetooth®-equipped handheld device, such as a cellular telephone, canbe used to listen to an enhanced e-book of the present invention bytransmitting audio from the e-book via Bluetooth® wireless to thehandheld device. In any case, of course, an enhanced e-book would haveto be recognized with the other Bluetooth® device, as is known in theart, and can be implemented by means known in the art. In an embodimentan e-book can have radio-frequency transmission capability and can becoupled with devices as are known in the art to have audible readingsthereof transmitted via a vehicle's radio/speaker system. Such systemscan utilize tape players, CD payers, and the like, as is known in theart, such as the system utilized to play music from an Apple iPod over avehicle's audio system.

Other structures, functions, features and benefits of current technologyin e-books and e-book readers can be utilized in the present invention,but for brevity are not disclosed in detail herein. For this reason thefollowing patents and applications are incorporated by reference hereinfor all their enabling teaching of various aspects of e-books and e-bookreader technology, structure, function, and benefits, including featuressuch as page switching, pagination, look-up features, annotationfeatures, searching animation, display features, overall e-bookconfiguration, bookmarking and place marking, text-to-speech features,flash file features, delivery and distribution, touch screens, hoveringtouch screens: US Pat. Appl. No. 2007/0168413, published in the name ofBarletta et al. on July 19, 2007; U.S. Pat. No. 7,103,848, issued toBarsness et al. on Sep. 5, 2006; U.S. Pat. No. 5,663,748, issued toHuffman et al., on Sep.2, 1997; U.S. Pat. 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No. 7,165,217, issued to Kondo on Jan.16, 2007; US Pat. Appl. No. 2008/0243788, published Oct. 2, 2008,entitled Search of Multiple Content Sources on a User Device; US Pat.Appl. No. 2008/0243828, published Oct. 2, 2008, entitled Search andIndexing on a User Device; US Pat. Appl. No. 2008/0293450, publishedNov. 27, 2008, entitled Consumption of Items via a User Device; US Pat.Appl. No. 2008/0294674, published Nov. 27, 2008, entitled ManagingStatus of Search Index Generation; US Pat. Appl. No. 2008/0295021,published Nov.27, 2008, entitled Zone-Associated Objects; and US Pat.Appl. No. 2008/0295039, published Nov. 27, 2008, entitled Animations;U.S. Ser. No. 11/246,293, filed on Mar. 29, 2006, entitled “ElectronicMedia Reader Display,” naming the inventors of Whitehorn, et al.; U.S.Ser. No. 11/246,294, filed on Mar. 29, 2006, entitled “Electronic MediaReader Keypad,” naming the inventors of Thomas J. Hobbs, et al.; U.S.Ser. No. 11/246,295, filed on Mar. 29, 2006, entitled “Wedge-ShapedElectronic Media Reader,” naming the inventors of Whitehorn et al.; U.S.Ser. No. 11/277,898, filed on Mar. 29, 2006, entitled Page Turner ForHandheld Electronic Book Reader Device,” naming the inventors of GreggE. Zehr, et al.; U.S. Ser. No. 11/277,893, filed on Mar. 29, 2006,entitled “Handheld Electronic Book Reader Device Having Dual Displays,”naming the inventors of Gregg E. Zehr, et al.; U.S. Ser. No. 11/277,873,filed on Mar. 29, 2006, entitled “Handheld Electronic Book Reader DeviceHaving Asymmetrical Shape,” naming the inventors of Gregg E. Zehr, etal.; and U.S. Ser. No. 11/277,879, filed on Mar. 29, 2006, entitled“Keyboard Layout for Handheld Electronic Book Reader Device,” naming theinventors of Gregg E. Zehr, et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 7,307,485, issued toSnyder, et al. on Dec. 11, 2007; U.S. Ser. 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What is claimed is:
 1. An e-book reader, the e-book reader comprising atouch screen display, the touch screen display being an electronic paperdisplay having a contrast ratio greater than 7:1 and a viewing angle upto 180 degrees, the e-book reader having dimensions of between 100 mmand 140 mm wide and between 140 mm and 225 mm long, and between 8 mm and16 mm thick, the e-book reader weighing between 100 grams and 300 grams,the e-book reader having stored in memory executable instructions and asource file of an electronic work, the source file being stored in thememory in a format selected from the group consisting of AZW, TXT, PDF,unprotected MOBI, and PRC, the electronic work being a work of fictioninvolving a plurality of characters, the executable instructionsexecuting a search feature for a human reader to find context-relevantinformation from within the work of fiction, the context-relevantinformation being related to at least one of the plurality ofcharacters, the context-relevant information reminding the reader of theat least one of the plurality of characters' relationship to othercharacters and events in the work of fiction, the context-relevantinformation being displayed upon a human reader touching a name of theat least one of the plurality of characters on the touch screen.
 2. Thee-book reader of claim 1, wherein the e-book reader memory is between 1and 4 GB.
 3. The e-book reader of claim 1, wherein the electronic workfurther comprises a plurality of places, and the search feature allowsthe human reader to find context relevant information related to atleast one of the plurality of places.
 4. The e-book reader of claim 1,wherein the name of the at least one of the plurality of characters is asearchable term, the searchable term appearing in a first portion of thework of fiction, and upon touching the searchable term on the touchscreen by a human reader, executable instructions in the memory cause tobe displayed a second portion of the work of fiction wherein thesearchable term appears.
 5. The e-book reader of claim 4, wherein theselected term in the second portion is highlighted for easyidentification by the human reader.
 6. The e-book reader of claim 5,wherein in addition to the searchable term being highlighted, n wordsaround the searchable term can be highlighted as well, with n being apositive integer.
 7. The e-book reader of claim 1, the e-book readerfurther comprising in memory translations such that upon tapping a wordor highlighting a phrase in one language, the word or phrase istranslated into another language.
 8. The e-book reader of claim 1,wherein the executable instructions include instructions, which, whenexecuted upon by a human reader selecting a word or phrase by touchingthe touch screen display, retrieve at least one machine translation ofthe word or phrase from a web-based translation tool for display on thetouch screen display.
 9. The enhanced e-book of claim 1, wherein uponthe human reader highlighting by touching the name of the at least oneof the plurality of characters on the touch screen display andinitiating a search function, the executable instructions cause thedisplay screen to show the first instance of the name in the electronicwork.
 10. The enhanced e-book of claim 1, wherein upon the human readertouching the name of the at least one of the plurality of characters onthe touch screen display, the touch screen display shows all theinstances of the name.
 11. The e-book reader of claim 1, furthercomprising in the memory context-specific information tailored to thework of fiction, wherein upon selecting by touching the touch screendisplay the name of the at least one of the plurality of characters onthe touch screen display, the executable instructions cause to bedisplayed on the touch screen display context-specific informationrelated to the at least one of the plurality of characters.
 12. Ane-book reader, the e-book reader comprising a touch screen, the touchscreen being an electronic paper display having a contrast ratio greaterthan 7:1, the e-book reader weighing between 100 grams and 300 grams andhaving internal memory for storing executable instructions and a sourcefile of an electronic work, the source file being stored in the memoryin AZW format, the electronic work being a work of fiction having astoryline and further including searchable information relevant to aperson, a place, or a thing in the work of fiction, the executableinstructions displaying the information after a human reader touches thetouch screen at a location displaying the person, the place, or thething, the information reminding the human reader of the person's, theplace's or the thing's relationship to the storyline.
 13. The e-bookreader of claim 12, wherein the information offers a reminder to a humanreader of information the human reader read earlier in the work butsubsequently forgot.
 14. The e-book reader of claim 12, wherein thee-book reader has dimensions of between 100 mm and 140 mm wide, andbetween 140 mm and 225 mm long, and between about 8 mm and 16 mm thick.15. The e-book reader of claim 12, further comprising context-specificinformation tailored to the work of fiction, wherein the executableinstructions execute a search for and display the context-specificinformation upon a human reader touching the touch screen display at alocation displaying the person, the place, or the thing.
 16. The e-bookreader of claim 12, the e-book reader further having in memorytranslations such that upon tapping a word or highlighting a phrase inone language, the word or phrase is translated into another language.17. The e-book reader of claim 12, wherein the executable instructionsinclude instructions, which, when executed upon by a human readerselecting a word or phrase by touching the touch screen display,retrieve at least one machine translation of the word or phrase from aweb-based translation tool for display on the touch screen display. 18.The enhanced e-book of claim 12, wherein upon the human readerhighlighting by touching the name of the at least one of the pluralityof characters on the touch screen and initiating a search function, thedisplay screen shows the first instance of the name in the electronicwork.
 19. An e-book reader, the e-book reader comprising a touch screendisplay, the touch screen display being a capacitive electronic paperdisplay having a contrast ratio greater than 7:1 and a viewing angle ofabout 180 degrees, the e-book reader having dimensions of between 100and 140 mm wide, and between 140 and 225 mm long, and between about 8and 16 mm thick, the e-book reader weighing between 100 and 300 grams,the e-book reader having stored in memory executable instructions and asource file of an electronic work, the source file being stored in thememory in a format selected from the group consisting of AZW, TXT, PDF,unprotected MOBI, and PRC, the electronic work being a work of fictionor non-fiction, the executable instructions executing a search featurefor a human reader to find and display context-relevant information fromwithin the electronic work, the displayed context-relevant informationbeing related to at least one searchable term, the displayedcontext-relevant information reminding the reader of the relevance ofthe searchable term in the work of fiction or non-fiction, thecontext-relevant information being displayed upon a human readertouching an instance of the searchable term.
 20. The e-book reader ofclaim 19, wherein the base work is a work of fiction and wherein thesearchable term is one of a person and a place in the work of fiction.21. The e-book reader of claim 19, the e-book reader further comprisingin memory translations such that upon tapping a word or highlighting asection, the executable instructions cause the word or section can betranslated into another language and displayed on the touch screendisplay.
 22. The e-book reader of claim 19, wherein upon the humanreader touching a searchable term that is the name of the at least oneof a plurality of characters on the touch screen the display, theexecutable instructions cause all the instances of the name to bedisplayed on the touch screen display.
 23. The e-book reader of claim19, wherein upon the human reader touching on the touch screen thesearchable term that is the name of the at least one of a plurality ofpersons, places, or things, the touch screen display shows all theinstances of the person, place, or thing.
 24. The e-book reader of claim19, wherein upon the human reader touching on the touch screen thesearchable term that is the name of at least one of a plurality ofpersons, places, or things the touch screen display shows the firstinstances of the person, place, or thing.
 25. The e-book reader of claim19, further comprising context-specific information, wherein theexecutable instructions execute a search for and display thecontext-specific information upon a human reader touching the touchscreen display the searchable term.
 26. An e-book reader, the e-bookreader comprising a touch screen display, the touch screen display beinga capacitive electronic paper display having a contrast ratio greaterthan 7:1 and a viewing angle of about 180 degrees, the e-book readerhaving stored in memory executable instructions and a source file of anelectronic work, the source file being stored in the memory in a formatselected from the group consisting of AZW, TXT, PDF, unprotected MOBI,and PRC, the electronic work being a work of fiction or non-fiction, theexecutable instructions executing a search feature for a human reader tofind and display context-relevant information from within the electronicwork, the displayed context-relevant information being related to atleast one searchable term, the displayed context-relevant informationreminding the reader of the relevance of the searchable term in the workof fiction or non-fiction, the context-relevant information beingdisplayed upon a human reader touching an instance of the searchableterm, the executable instructions further including instructions, which,when executed upon by a human reader selecting a word or phrase bytouching the touch screen display, retrieve at least one machinetranslation of the word or phrase from a web-based translation tool fordisplay on the touch screen display.
 27. The e-book reader of claim 26,wherein the e-book reader has dimensions of between 100 mm and 140 mmwide, and between 140 mm and 225 mm long, and between about 8 mm and 16mm thick.
 28. The e-book reader of claim 26, further comprisingcontext-specific information tailored to the work of fiction ornon-fiction, wherein the executable instructions execute a search forand display the context-specific information upon a human readertouching the touch screen display at a location displaying thesearchable term.
 29. The e-book reader of claim 26, wherein thetranslation is a machine translation.
 30. The e-book reader of claim 26,further comprising context-specific information tailored to the work offiction or non-fiction, wherein the executable instructions execute asearch for and display the context-specific information upon a humanreader touching the touch screen display at a location displaying thesearchable term.